PROJECT PROPOSAL TITLE: EFFECT OF LIMING, NPK FERTILIZATION AND MANURE APPLICATION ON GROWTH AND NODULATION OF SOYABEAN GROWN IN ACID SOIL. NAME: HILLARY M. OMONDI OTIENO REG. NO.: A22/0013/2009 SUPERVISORS: DR. GEORGE CHEMININGWA Dept. Plant Science and Crop Protection 2. DR. SHAMIE ZINGORE IPNI Regional Director, African

INTRODUCTION Soyabean: family is Fabaceae, genus Glycine and species G. max. It is one of the most important crops in the world. Global productivity is 95.2M ha=212.6M tons out of which Africa accounts for only 0.4-1%. Nigeria leads in Africa with 48.9% while Kenya accounts for less than 0.1% of Africa's production(FAO, 2009). The crop is rich in protein-food especially weaning babies (Annan et al, 2003). and feeds for animals; improves soil fertility through BNF; controls weeds eg striga (Adelodun, 2011); oil and biofuel production; development of agro-based industries.

PRODUCTION CHALLENGES Competition from imports of other edible oil sources such as palm. Lack of sub-sector policy within the agriculture sector that specifically deals with edible oil sources soyabean included. Inconsistent supply of high yielding and promiscuous soybean varieties that can fix enough atmospheric nitrogen without the need for artificial supply of Rhizobium bacteria through inoculation. Declining soil fertility due to low soil pH that affects nodulation and nutrient availability.

PROBLEM STATEMENT Continuous cultivation without nutrient replenishment; Poor agronomic practices; and Leaching. All leading to: Nutrient depletion; Nutrient unavailability; Accumulation of Al3+ and Mn2+ which lower soil pH beyond tolerable levels. Hence, hinder BNF and general soyabean productivity. The overall effect is low production, use of scarce financial resources to import seed oil, soil infertility and food insecurity.

PROBLEM JUSTIFICATION Soyabean being a high value and multipurpose crop, a strategy is thus required to raise the soil pH to levels conducive for its production and provide adequate nutrients for enhanced soyabean productivity.

OBJECTIVES General objective To develop nutrient management options for enhancing growth and nodulation of soyabean in acidic soils. Specific objectives To investigate the synergistic effects of lime, NPK and manure application on growth and nodulation soyabean grown in acidic soils. To determine the effect of lime and manure application on acidic soils. To assess the effect of low soil pH on soyabean growth and nutrient uptake.

HYPOTHESES Specific hypotheses stated in null form Lime, NPK and manure application have no synergistic effect on growth and nodulation of soyabean. Lime and manure application have no effect on acidic soils. Low soil pH has no effect on growth of and nutrient uptake by soyabean.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental site: Greenhouse pot experiment at CAVS-UoN field station. Soil source: Two locations, Eshirale and Masaba from Kakamega county, Butere Mumias district. TREATMENTS T1- Control; T2- NPK at 20kgN/ha, 30kgP/ha and 60kgK/ha from, urea, TSP and MOP respectively; T3- Manure(10t/ha); T4- Lime(5t/ha); T5- NPK + Manure; T6- NPK + Lime; T7- Lime + Manure; T8- Manure + lime + NPK.

MATERIALS AND METHODS CONT…. Soil sampling: 5 samples at a depth 0-15cm will be collected from each site in a W manner then bulked for the site. Soils will then be air-dried, screened through 0.5cm sieve(Fageria, 2005), mixed with the treatments and then filled into the pots, each 4kg of soil. Planting: 3 seeds per pot uniformly spread and covered with soil. Watering: At least twice a day to maintain the soil at field capacity. Weed control: Mannual by uprooting the seedlings soon as they emerge.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Pots arrangement: Perpendicular to the path of the sun in the greenhouse. Layout of the experiment: Randomized complete block design. One Block T7 T1 T3 T4 T8 T2 T5 T6 Corridor in the greenhouse

DATA TO BE COLLECTED The data to be collected are: Time of emergence. Leaf surface area at 50-60% flowering. Plant heights at 50-60% flowering. Plant tissue analysis for NPK 50-60% flowering Soil pH at end of the experiment. Nodulation at 50-60% flowering; Number of nodules per plant, Fresh and dry weights of nodules per plant.

DATA ANALYSIS EXPECTED OUTPUTS Data entry: Raw data will be keyed in Microsoft excel computer package. Data analysis: Data will be subjected to ANOVA at p=0.05 using GenStat computer software 13th Edition (SP2). Means will then be compared using Duncan's multiple-range test at p=0.05. EXPECTED OUTPUTS Special project report.

REFERENCES Adelodun Kolapo (2011). Soybean: Africa's Potential Cinderella Food Crop, Soybean - Biochemistry,Chemistry and Physiology, Prof. Tzi-Bun Ng (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-219-7. Chianu Jonas N and Bernard Vanlauwe. 2006. “Soybean: a new role in western Kenya”. Highlights CIAT in Africa, No. 35 June 2006. M. Johnston and D. Askin. 2005.Container Grown Experiments. Singh, B. B. and J. P. Jones. 1976. P sorption and adsorption characteristics of soils as affected by organic residues. Soil science soc. Am. J. 40: 389-394 Louis McDonald. November, 2005. Land Reclamation: Liming Principles and Lime Products; Extension Services West Virginia University. N. K. Fageria (2005): Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Research Under Controlled Conditions: Basic Principles and Methodology. Gibson, A.H. & Harper, J.E. (1985). Nitrate effect on nodulation of soybean by Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Crop Science, 25, 497-501. FAO, 2012. FAOSTAT Accessed on http://faostat.fao.org/default.aspx in December 2012. http://www.ncsoy.org/ABOUT-SOYBEANS/Growing-Soybeans.aspx in January 2013.

BUDGET ACTIVITIES/ITEMS DESCRIPTION COST (KShs) Renovation of greenhouse 6,200 60 Planting pots (each 4l in volume) 4,000 Murate of Potsh Trisuper Phosphate 5,000 Urea 1,500 Manure 600 Lime 450 Watering can 1,000 Water storage tank and jik 1,300 Padlocks 300 Printing, photocopying and binding of reports Stationeries : Meter rule, rubber, notebook, Marker pen 500 Total labor cost 23,650 TOTAL 50,000

WORKPLAN ACTIVITY MONTHS JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY Proposal writing Buying pots and greenhouse renovation Drying of soil samples Weighing and potting soils and fertilizers Planting Crop husbandry practices Data collection Data analysis Report submission

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