HOMEWORK Due Friday, September 22 Complete the chart entitled “New Inventions of the Market Revolution” and define the four terms at the bottom.

STARTER Friday, September 22 Get out your homework! STARTER Friday, September 22 Read “Historical Spotlight: Slave Revolts” & “World Stage: Slavery in the Americas” on pages 252-253. Answer the questions below: What probably happened to slaves involved in revolts once they were caught? Why were these slaves willing to sacrifice their lives? Jamaica was the site of many violent slave rebellions and free black insurrections. Why do you think there were more slave/free black revolts in Jamaica than in America?

Starter Monday September 15 Find your stickman transparency Get in groups and review so you can present If you already presented you will need to review so be ready Make sure your chart is accurate!

Reforming American Society Reform Movements of the 1830-1850s 2.2 Describe how the growth of nationalism and sectionalism were reflected in art, literature, and language. 2.5 Identify the major reform movements and evaluate their effectiveness. 2.6 Evaluate the role of religion in the debate over slavery and other social movements and issues.

American Cultural Pride A clear “American” culture was emerging in the 1830s

Hudson River School The Hudson River School was an art school The artists created paintings which celebrated the American landscape The paintings revealed the truth in human emotion American art and literature was developing and becoming recognized

Asher Durand Kindred Spirits, 1849 The New York Public Library, New York City Buffalo Bull's Back Fat, head chief, Blood Tribe in the National Museum of American Art, Washington D.C. By George Catlin

A Lake in the Sierra Nevada by Albert Bierstadt

Frederic Church Niagara 1857 Oil on canvas 42 1/2 x 90 1/2 in. (108 x 229.9 cm) The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington

Transcendentalism Transcendentalism is a form of American literature Emphasized: Simple living Celebrating nature Optimism Freedom Self-reliance

Ralph Waldo Emerson Emerson was a transcendentalist New England writer Wrote about simple living, nature, and personal emotion and imagination

Henry David Thoreau Lived in solitude at Walden Pond in Massachusetts, writing the book Walden Urged the concept of civil disobedience, protesting by refusing to obey the law (IMPORTANT: Ghandi & Martin Luther King adopt this view in their protests in the 21st century)

Ideal Communities Created The optimism of the transcendentalist movement led to the development of ideal communities Two include: Utopian Communities Shaker Communities

Utopian Communities Groups tried to form Utopian Communities, or perfect places to live- “utopias” They lived together with common goals such as self-sufficiency Best known communities included New Harmony and Brook Farm Most of these communities failed

Shaker Communities Shakers were a religious community of New England They believed that men & women were equal, no fighting for any reason, and they shared their goods with each other They are well known for the style of furniture they created Shakers vowed to never marry, therefore they could not keep their community alive

Reform To improve or change what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory

Reforming Prisons & Asylums The movement to reform prisons and asylums was led by Dorothea Dix She helped set up mental hospitals, emphasizing rehabilitation and treatment rather than punishment

Reforming Education The movement to reform education was led by Horace Mann He helped pass compulsory school laws (laws requiring school attendance), helped raise taxes for schools & teacher training programs.

Second Great Awakening A religious movement that swept the country Appealed to common people Promoted the ideas of individualism and responsibility Revivals were started (open to blacks and whites) LEADER: Charles Finney (preacher)

Religion & the Slavery Debate African Americans interpreted Christian messages as a promise of freedom for their people The Second Great Awakening brought people of all races together to worship together The North voiced it’s religious opposition to slavery, especially as it became more industrial

Religion & the Slavery Debate Proslavery advocates used the Bible to defend slavery (citing passages about obedience) The abolition movement (movement to outlaw slavery) was fueled by religious leaders such as Charles Finney Nat Turner, a Virginian slave and preacher, interpreted an eclipse as a divine sign and lead a slave rebellion

William Lloyd Garrison A white abolitionist and editor of the abolition newspaper, The Liberator. He called for the immediate emancipation of slaves (freeing without payment to slaveholders)

The Liberator, an abolition newspaper by William Lloyd Garrison

Fredrick Douglass Born into slavery, but was taught by his master’s wife to read and write Escaped slavery Became a famous abolition speaker Started a newspaper called The North Star

Defending Slavery Some used the Bible to defend slavery citing passages that encourage servants to obey their masters They believed that slavery benefited blacks by making them part of a prosperous, Christian civilization

Women’s Rights Movement The Women’s Rights Movement of the 1830s was led by two female abolitions, Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott They were inspired by the abolition movement to make changes for women

Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Women’s Rights Reformers wanted more educational opportunities and healthcare In 1848, a women’s rights convention was held called the Seneca Falls Convention. There, the women issued a Declaration of Sentiments, outlining the rights that women were entitled to.

Sojourner Truth An abolitionist who spoke out for women’s rights

Temperance Movement The temperance movement was the movement to prohibit the drinking of alcohol This was a movement led mostly by women and churches

Labor Reform Workers began to demand higher wages & shorter workdays Trade unions were established, groups of workers within the same trade that organized strikes

Classwork REFORM BUMPER STICKER On the slip of paper, create a bumper sticker about one of the reform movements discussed. The bumper sticker should include the following: A slogan that relates to the reform movement A picture that relates to the reform movement Color! USE YOUR BOOK & NOTES!

Before you leave Turn in your bumper sticker Turn in your starter notebook Begin correcting your missed test items (due TUESDAY)