World War II

Grading for the First Draft of the Research Assignment The grade for the first draft is pass/fail: Pass (A) - you've submitted a 3-page paper that analyzes images from both photographers Fail (F) - no paper, no images analyzed, or no comparison of two photographers Our comments will also include suggestions for revisions and a grade expressing where you are in terms of the second draft. So you will see: First draft: Pass Second draft so far: C (and a list of suggested revisions)

Office Hours Gabrielle: Next Weds, March 8, 4:30-5:30 PM, in the teaching assistants’ office on 10th floor of the LB building Please Gabrielle if you plan to come--if many people want to come she will make her office hours longer. Elena: Usual office hours, Tu-Thu 3-4 PM and Weds. 4:30 to 5:30 PM Also by appointment.

Pearl Harbor > Events leading up to the attack 1922 Benito Mussolini comes to power in Italy September 1931 Japan occupies Manchuria March 1933 Adolf Hitler seizes power May 1933 Japan quits League of Nations 1936 Spanish Civil War against Franco August 1937 Japan invades China October 1937 FDR calls for international cooperation against aggression March 1938 Germany annexes Austria September 1938 Munich agreement lets Germany annex Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia November 1938 Kristallnacht, Nazis attack Jews and destroy Jewish property March 1939 Germany annexes remainder of Czechoslovaka August 1939 Germany and the Soviet Union sign nonagression pact September 1939 Germany invades Poland; World War II begins April-June 1940 Bliztkrieg (Germany conquers much of Western Europe) September 1940 Germany, Italy, and Japan (the Axis powers) conclude a military alliance September 1940 First peacetime draft in American history November 1940 FDR elected for a third term March 1941 Lend-Lease Act extends aid to Great Britain May 1941 Germans secure the Balkans June 1941 Germany invades the Soviet Union August 1941 The United States and Great Britain agree to the Atlantic Charter December 1941 Japanese attack Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor > Antiwar labor pamphlet

Pearl Harbor > North American Aviation advertisement, Collier’s, 1942

Pearl Harbor > Omaha high school student’s fascist sticker, 1938

Pearl Harbor > US Ships during Pearl Harbor attack, 1941

Pearl Harbor > Pearl Harbor hero Doris (“Dorie”) Miller poster

Chronology > Some key events of World War II December Pearl Harbor February Executive Order mandates internment of Japanese Americans May-June US wins naval superiority in the Pacific November US lands in North Africa January Casablanca Conference announces unconditional surrender policy February Soviet victory over Germans in Stalingrad May German troops surrender in Africa July Allied invasion of Italy June-August US lands in Normandy; liberates Paris November FDR is elected to fourth term February Yalta conference renews US-Soviet alliance February-June US captures Iwo Jima and Okinawa April FDR dies; Harry Truman becomes president May Germany surrenders August US drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Japan surrenders

Morale > Anti-Nazi poster, 1942

Morale > Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo on Collier’s cover, 1942

Morale > “Trust and Rely” Japanese poster, 1937

Experience > Cartoon from Yank: The Army Weekly, 1943

Experience > American soldier killed by mortar fire, 1944

Experience > Bill Maudlin, “Up Front,” Stars and Stripes, 1945 “Fresh, spirited American troops, flushed with victory, are bringing in thousands of hungry, ragged, battle-weary prisoners.”

Experience > Ben Hurwitz, inside a troop ship, 1943

Experience > Ben Hurwitz, going home after a pass in Naples, 1943

Pinups > Betty Grable

Pinups > Lena Horne, the most popular pinup among black soldiers

Sacrifice > Winchester poster urging sacrifice

Consumption > Cigarette ad in McCall’s, 1942

Four Freedoms > Freedom from Want

Four Freedoms > Freedom from Fear

Four Freedoms > Freedom to Worship

Four Freedoms > Freedom of Speech

Rationing > Collier’s cover, 1942

Rationing > 1943 poster on conserving fuel

Industry > Job listings board in Detroit, July 1941

Industry > “It’s Boats, Boats, Boats!” OWI poster

Industry > “America’s Answer! Production” Office for Emergency Management poster, 1942

Women > Rosie the Riveter Poster

Women > McCall’s cover, September 1942

Women > After work in a Richmond, California, shipyard

Women > War Manpower Commission recruiting posters

Double V > Poster for a Double V campaign of 1942

Double V > “Private Joe Louis Says” poster

Double V > An African American GI escorts captured German soldiers

Double V > Members of the United Retail, Wholesale, and Department Store Employees Union, Detroit, 1942

Double V > Thurgood Marshall, who won the “whites-only” Democratic primaries case in 1944 and Brown v. Board of Education in 1954

Double V > March on Washington Movement Flyer, ca and a photograph of March on Washington, 1963

Double V > Policemen arresting women during the riots in Harlem, 1943

Double V > A leaflet disctributed by the Seven Mile/Fenelon Neighborhood Association in February 1942

Double V > A black homeowner protects his property near the Sojourner neighborhood

Double V > Detroit police arrests a group of blacks, February 1942

Double V > Police try to disburse a crowd of blacks at Sojourner Truth Housing Project, February 1942

Double V > The Detroit Riot, June 21, 1943

Double V > White mob moves up Woodward, early hours

Double V > Rioters overturn a car

Double V > The same car set on fire

Zoot suit > Clyde Duncan from Gainsville, VA, in the New York Times, 1943 and jazz musician Cab Calloway, 1943

Zoot suit > Cartoon, Mercury Herald and News, April 25, 1943

Zoot suit > Los Angeles police officer pretends to clip the hair of a zoot-suiter; headline from Los Angeles Examiner, 1942

Zoot suit > Mexican Americans stripped of zoot suits during the riots, Life, 1943

Zoot suit > Sailor arrested during the riots, Los Angeles Daily News, 1943

Internment > Map of Japanese-American Internment Camps

Internment > “How to Tell Chinese from a Jap,” from an Army manual

Internment > Inside the fence of an internment camp

Internment > Fred Korematsu with a letter of apology from the White House