Intro to Biology Unit 1 (Chapter 1) The Basis of Life Part 2

Vocabulary Intro Species Species Populations Populations Communities Communities Ecosystems Ecosystems Predator Predator Prey Prey

Organization of the Biosphere Organization of the Biosphere Explain how organisms respond and adapt to their environment Explain how organisms respond and adapt to their environment Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Summarize the role of humans in the ecosystem Summarize the role of humans in the ecosystem Section 1.2 Big Ideas

Organization of the Biosphere Species (individuals) – individuals interact with other living and nonliving things, so scientists also study groups of organisms Species (individuals) – individuals interact with other living and nonliving things, so scientists also study groups of organisms Populations – groups of the same type of species living in an area Populations – groups of the same type of species living in an area Communities – all of the types of organisms/populations in an area Communities – all of the types of organisms/populations in an area Ecosystems – all of the living +nonliving things in an area Ecosystems – all of the living +nonliving things in an area

Explain how organisms respond and adapt to their environment Short term changes Short term changes A lion heading to the shade when it gets hot A lion heading to the shade when it gets hot Long-term changes Long-term changes Change in finches beaks in the Galapagos Islands Change in finches beaks in the Galapagos Islands Theory of Evolution (Charles Darwin) Theory of Evolution (Charles Darwin) Survival of the fittest Survival of the fittest

5 Major Interactions Among Biotic Factors in an Ecosystem Predation Competition Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms

Predation One organism kills & eats another organism Predator – the killer/eater Feed on the young & weak Limits the size of prey populations Prey – gets eaten/killed Prey declines the predators must find other prey

Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Predation Examples

Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Competition 2 or more organisms of the same or different species attempt to use the same limited resources can occur evenly if there’s no contact (indirect) ex-2 insects, same plant, one feeds during the day, one at night

Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Parasitism (Type of Symbiosis) parasite- organisms that live in or on another organism & feed on it w/o immediately killing it host- organism the parasite takes nourishment from organisms are negatively affected by parasites Mistletoe on an apple tree

Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Hungry TickFull Tick Parasitism

Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Mutualism (Symbiosis) a cooperative partnership between two species in which both species benefit Example you & intestinal bacteria, bacteria aids you w/digestion you give bacteria warm home/food

Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Commensalism (Symbiosis) One species benefits, the other is neither harmed nor helped Remora & sharks attach to sharks & feed on scraps from their meals the sharks aren’t affected Commensalism is very rare

Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Commensalism or Mutualism?? The sea anemone and the clown fish…. Scientists tend to agree that it is commensalism, there is not sufficient documented proof that the anemone benefits in any way… Do the fish scare away other fish/predators??? Finding Nemo….do they keep the anemone clean???

Humans affect, and are affected by the environment Humans affect, and are affected by the environment We need food and medicine We need food and medicine We are aided by technology (biotechnology) We are aided by technology (biotechnology) Clothing and additional resources (fuel, wood products, cycling of O 2 and CO 2 ) Clothing and additional resources (fuel, wood products, cycling of O 2 and CO 2 ) Protecting Biodiversity Protecting Biodiversity We find uses for living things that we may not have always been aware of… etc… We find uses for living things that we may not have always been aware of… etc… Summarize the role of humans in the ecosystem