BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-091 Followership Dr. Bagus Nurcahyo Program Studi Manajemen Pemasaran Direktorat Program D3 Bisnis & Kewirausahaan

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-092 Followership Ability to place organization ahead of personal ambition Allegiance and loyalty up and down the chain of command Ability to recognize they share responsibility to help organization to succeed Ability to know when and how to challenge the status quo

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-093 Followers’ actions/attitudes influence their leader –For better or worse Qualities of effective followers are same ones we want in leaders We tend to focus too much on the leader: –Performance of leaders & followers are variables that depend upon one another –Followers often have the information, expertise, and ideas that are essential for success Importance of Followers

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-094 Styles of Followership Part 1 Five styles, categorized by two dimensions –Independent/critical vs. Dependent/uncritical thinking –Active vs. Passive behavior

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-095 First Dimension Independent thinkers: –Aware of the significance of their actions –Offer constructive criticism/innovation Dependent/uncritical thinkers: –Do not consider possibilities –Accepts leader’s ideas without thinking

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-096 Second Dimension Active Behavior: –Participates fully (Often beyond limits of job) –Demonstrates sense of ownership –Initiates problem-solving and decision-making Passive Behavior: –Does what’s told –Avoids responsibility –Requires constant supervision and prodding

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-097 Styles of Followership AlienatedEffective PassiveConformist Independent, Critical Thinking Active Dependent, Uncritical Thinking Passive Pragmatic Survivor

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-098 Developing Personal Potential “The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People” by Steven Covey Habit: –The intersection of knowledge, skill and desire Arranges seven habits along a continuum from dependence to independence to interdependence

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-099 Dependent people –Expect someone to take care of them –Blame others when things go wrong Independent people –Developed a sense of self-worth/attitude of self-reliance –Accept personal responsibility –Actively work for their goals Interdependent people –Realize best results often occur working cooperatively with others Maturity Continuum

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0910 Self Reliance and Self Mastery “Private Victories” Habit 1: Be Proactive –Be responsible, don’t blame others –Take initiative; Choose how to act –Not what happens to you, but how you respond Habit 2: Begin with the End in Mind –Start with clear mental image of destination (Vision) –What’s important Habit 3: Put First Things First –Gain control of time (Calendar vs. Stop Watch) –Focus on preserving and enhancing relationships and on accomplishing results

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0911 Effective Interdependence “Public Victories” Habit 4: Think Win-Win –Cooperation = organizational success Habit 5: Seek First To Understand, then to be Understood –Key to effective communication –Non-judgmental attitude (Dialogue) –Emphatic listening gets inside another person’s frame of reference

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0912 Effective Interdependence “Public Victories” Habit 6: Synergize –Value of the whole is > the sum of the parts –Essence of synergy is to value and respect differences in order to take advantage/build on strengths and compensate for weaknesses Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw –Continuously renew physical, mental, spiritual, and social aspects of life –Constant Improvement –NEVER BE SATISFIED!

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0913 What Followers Want Leaders to be: –Honest –Forward-Thinking –Inspiring –Competent  Colleagues to be: Honest Cooperative Dependable Competent

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0914 Styles of Followership Part II PoliticianPartner SubordinateContributor Performance Initiative Relationship Initiative High Low

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0915 Why do people join groups? Security Goal Achievement Power Affiliation Self-esteem Status

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0916 What is a Group? Definitions: –Webster’s: “a number of individuals assembled together or having some unifying relationship” –Book: “two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to achieve particular objectives”

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0917 Stages of Group Development Forming: Orientation and getting acquainted Define purpose/rules/structure Storming: –Conflict and disagreement –Jockeying for position or sub-groups form Norming: –Resolve conflict, clarify roles –Builds relationships and cohesiveness Performing: Group is fully functional

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0918 Conflict Perceived differences resulting in some sort of interference or opposition –Whether real or not is irrelevant Three Views of Conflict: –Traditional – Avoid Indicates problems –Human Relations – Natural/Inevitable Can be positive –Interactionist – Required, necessary for effective performance Functional vs. Dysfunctional

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0919 Managing Conflict Avoidance: Withdraw from or suppress Accommodation: Place other’s needs above your own Forcing: Satisfy own needs at the expense of another Compromise: Each side gives up something (Win/Win)Collaboration: Seek solution that is advantageous for all (Win/Win)

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0920 Advantages Group Decisions Advantages Provide more complete information –Decisions tend to be more accurate Generate more alternatives –Diversity of ideas, experience, information Increase acceptance of a solution –More involvement = more buy-in Increase legitimacy (IAW democratic ideals)

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0921 Disadvantages Group Decisions Disadvantages Time - consuming Possibility of minority domination (Groupthink)Pressures to conform (Groupthink) Ambiguous responsibility

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0922 Benefits of Teams Level of Effort –Social Facilitation Satisfaction of Members –Need for belongingness and affiliation –Increased dignity and self-worth Organizational Flexibility –Allows workers to reorganize/reallocate to increase efficiency in response to changes Efficiency – attain goals with fewer resources Quality – fewer defects/exceed customer expectations

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0923 Costs of Teams Power Realignment –Workers take responsibility –Leader gives up power Free Riding –Not everyone carries their load –More prevalent as group gets larger Coordination Costs Legal Hassles

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0924 Groups vs. Teams Caring Collective Responsibility Pride Trust Communication Trust – most important aspect. Confidence in the truth. Pride – believe that personal signature is on everything the team does. Caring – about each other as a person, employee, teammate, etc Communication – often assumed; Talking helps build team mentality Collective Responsibility – no finger pointing or excuses

BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-0925 Groups vs. Teams All aspects are important individually, but together they are unbeatable Fist is more powerful than the five fingers. Any individual finger can be broken off, weakening the team. Concept of Synergy. The “fist” is more important than the technical aspects. Need to monitor to make sure the fist is strong and tight. If not, it can open under stress and one of the fingers can be broken off, weakening the team. If strong, a movement by a finger will be compensated by the other four holding it firm.