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F6.1 Annual mitigation costs rise with the stringency and certainty of the temperature target World Development Report 2010 Source: Schaeffer and others 2008.

F6.2 The gap is large: Estimated annual climate funding required for a 2°C trajectory compared with current resources World Development Report 2010 Source: For mitigation in 2030, IIASA 2009 and additional data provided by V. Krey; IEA 2008; McKinsey & Company 2009, and additional data provided by McKinsey (J. Dinkel) for 2030, using a dollar-to-Euro exchange rate of $1.25 to €1.00; PNNL figures from Edmonds and others 2008, and additional data provided by J. Edmonds and L. Clarke; PIK figures from Knopf and others, forthcoming, and additional data provided by B. Knopf; for adaptation in 2030, all figures from Agrawala and Fankhauser 2008, except World Bank EACC (Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change) from World Bank 2009; and Project Catalyst Note: Estimates are for stabilization of greenhouse gases at 450 ppm CO 2 e, which would provide a 40–50 percent chance of staying below 2°C warming by For sources of 2008– 2012 values, see chapter text.

BoxF6.7 Climate vulnerability versus social capacity World Development Report 2010 Source: WDR 2010 team calculations, with data from Dasgupta and others 2007; Parry and others 2004; Bosello, Roson, and Tol 2006; CRED 2008; World Bank 2007c; Kaufman, Kraay, and Mastruzzi Note: The figure plots a composite index of physical impact (taken as a function of climate sensitivity and climate-change exposure and derived from a number of global impact studies) against a composite index of social capacity (derived from a number of socioeconomic indicators). Social capacity and vulnerability, as measured by projected impacts, are composite indexes of various indicators (see table in box 6.7).

BoxF6.8 Climate vulnerability versus capacity to adapt World Development Report 2010 Source: WDR 2010 team calculations, with data from Dasgupta and others 2007; Parry and others 2004; Bosello, Roson, and Tol 2006; CRED 2008; CPIA figures For details on the calculation of CPIA scores, see World Bank 2007b. ARPP scores are reported in World Bank 2007a. Note: The figure plots the impact index against a measure of country performance (combined central government capacity and ability to absorb finance) derived from the International Development Association allocation formula. Capacity to adapt is a composite index of the indicators described in box 6.8, and it is calculated by the formula: Country performance = 0.24*average (CPIAa, CPIAb and CPIAc) *CPIAd *ARPP, where CPIA (Country Policy and Institutional Assessment) is comprised of CPIAa = economic management, CPIAb = structural policies, CPIAc = policies for social inclusion and equity, CPIAd = public sector management and institutions, and ARPP (Annual Report on Portfolio Performance) = measure of capacity to absorb finance.