16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Biomedical Imaging of the Future Alvin T. Yeh Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Patient management and clinical care Qualitative observations Physical examinations Quality care Physician experience/expertise

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Biomedical Imaging Extension of physician’s ability to observe Qualitative –morphological / structural –magnification –allow minimally invasive observations Clinical imaging standards X-ray (CT), Ultrasound, MRI biopsy (pathology)

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Biomedical Imaging Existing Technologies Emerging Technologies Imaging in Early Detection Imaging in Therapy Informatics Education / Training Image Guided Interventions Maximize information content Data management, analysis, interpretation

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Existing Technologies Tissue / Organ Level X-ray (CT), Ultrasound, MRI radionuclide imaging (PET) –low information content (Sub)Cellular Level Histology  biopsy Electron microscopy

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Existing Technologies Technical advancements (tissue / organ level) –spatial and temporal resolution –image acquisition time –detectors –contrast Higher information content –functional, more specific fundamental understanding of disease provide diagnosis more specific to development, selection, evaluation of therapy

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Existing Technologies Higher information content (cont’) –develop improved contrast enhancement agents / probes physiological processes –dynamic Multi-modal imaging / combinatorial techniques Non-invasive normal disease

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Emerging Technologies Imaging at the Tissue / Organ Level snapshots of organs or tissues over time –radionuclide imaging (PET) –fMRI, CT (Sub)cellular Level anatomy, cell structure, histopathology of living tissue –Optical imaging fluorescence optical probes / labels

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Emerging Technologies Bioluminescence –real time monitoring in living animals tracking and monitoring infectious diseases / cancer metastasis drug delivery, efficacy – toxicology screening –changing biologic experimental paradigm

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Emerging Technologies High information content at high resolution –functionality / structure—function –vital indicators gene expression ion concentration metabolism membrane potential Non-invasive, intravital imaging –serial biopsies

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Molecular Imaging Imaging at the Molecular Level –cell function –metabolism –gene expression –drug and vector development / delivery –in vivo protein interactions –disease specific tracers and probes Molecular Probes / Contrast Agents

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Molecular Imaging Develop molecular probes & contrast agents –links imaging modality with specific biological processes Image specific molecular targets –capitalize on mapping of human genome Drug development –monitor drug delivery, validation & efficacy, effects on biological target

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Imaging for Early Detection of Disease Clinical Standards –PET, fMRI  neurological disease –MRI  cardiac function imaging  contrast enhanced imaging for breast and other cancers –3-D Ultrasound  breast cancer  prenatal exams  heart function

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Imaging for Early Detection of Disease Develop more specific imaging –fundamental understanding of disease –pinpoint signifying events in disease onset –genetic imaging / origin of disease Quantification of imaging –define biologic characteristics / parameters –standardization for comparison –monitor therapy & disease progression

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Imaging in Therapy Exploit multiple (complementary) imaging modalities –diagnosis –position of lesion in 3-D –real time monitoring Image Guided Interventions Surgical computer aided design Distance Medicine

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Image Guided Interventions Use of real time images for guidance, navigation and orientation to reach a specific target for a minimally invasive patient encounter.

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Image Guided Interventions locate targets seamlessly across spatial scales intra-operative, real time, 3-D image-guided navigation for moving / deformable tissues / organs full array of anatomical, molecular, functional imaging multimodal image guidance w/ cellular resolution trajectory planning using image guidance plan, guide, affect, monitor treatment Northwestern University

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Image Guided Interventions less invasive efficient assurance of procedure outcome cost may add unnecessary complexity images over interpreted  unnecessary procedures / over-diagnosis fewer complications less normal tissue damage

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Informatics collection and processing of imaging data for research / medicine manage large databases of patient information  extract information

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Informatics Methods for image analysis and segmentation Reconstruction methods –continuous across large spatial scales 3-D 4-D Coherent assemblage of massive amounts of data  readily interpretable picture

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Education and Training Multidisciplinary –chemistry, physics, (molecular) biology, pharmacology, medicine, biomedical engineering, bioinformatics, radiology… –principles of medical imaging, probe targeting /development, tracer methodologies, normal physiology, process of disease

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Education and Training History: major advances in medical technology  fundamental discoveries in basic sciences Biomedical Engineer – link various disciplines – navigate intellectual landscape Know something about everything – be an expert in something

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Education and Training improve health –promoting fundamental discoveries, design and development –translation and assessment of technological capabilities in biomedical imaging and bioengineering translate fundamental or crosscutting discoveries and developments in information science, physics, chemistry, mathematics, materials science, computer sciences