or Menagerie á Trois Parasites Lost Symbiosis, Co-Evolution, and Long Term Solutions For Academic Journals Mark Funk MLGSCA Oct. 2, 2003

Symbiosis “Living together” ParasitismCommensalismMutualism HarmHelp

Parasitism Parasite benefits from relationship Host is harmed

Commensalism Commensal benefits Host is indifferent

Mutualism Both partners (mutualists) benefit

Co-Evolution Reciprocally induced evolutionary change between two or more species or populations.

Co-Evolution

Co-Evolution: Our World

Our World: The 70s

Our World: The 80s

Our World: The Late 90s Online Text Delivery

Mutated Weasel Weasel Tolerable Weasel Severe

Post-Online Access No Ownership: Licensing No Fair Use Additional Costs Non-Cancellation Clauses

Open Access Philosophy Society benefits from an open exchange of ideas Access to copyrighted material inspires creativity, and facilitates new knowledge Copyright exists for the public good Open Access journals distribute peer- reviewed work for free

New Organism: Open Access Own the copies Archive forever No limit on access Lend to anyone All use non-infringing No negotiations No cancellations needed ? ?

PubMed Central

BioMed Central

BMC Institutional Members University of Alabama at Birmingham Albany Medical College University of Arizona Arizona State University University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Baylor College of Medicine Biochemical Virology Laboratory, New York Blood Center Boston University Brandeis University Brown University CalTech University of California, Berkeley University of California, Davis University of California, Irvine University of California, Los Angeles

BMC Institutional Members University of California, Merced University of California, Riverside University of California, San Diego University of California, San Francisco University of California, Santa Barbara University of California, Santa Cruz Claremont University Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories Columbia University University of Connecticut Cornell University Creighton University Dana-Farber Cancer Institute East Tennessee State University George Mason University

BMC Institutional Members George Washington University Georgetown University University of Georgia Grinnell College Harvard University Indiana University at Bloomington and Indianapolis Johns Hopkins University Kaiser Permanente LSU Health Sciences Center in Shreveport LSU Health Sciences Center - New Orleans University of Louisville Medical College of Ohio Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Michigan Diabetes Institute Michigan State University

BMC Institutional Members NYU Medical Center National Institutes of Health University of New Mexico New York University & Mount Sinai School of Medicine North Dakota BRIN Grant University of North Texas Health Science Center University of Oklahoma Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma State University Oregon Health & Science University, OHSU Princeton University Promega, Inc. Rockefeller University University of Southern California Southern Illinois University Carbondale

BMC Institutional Members Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine Stowers Institute for Medical Research Texas A & M University University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center The Institute for Genomic Research The Institute for Systems Biology The Salk Institute The Scripps Research Institute The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Thomas Jefferson University Tufts University Tulane University Health Sciences Center University of Utah VCU Libraries

BMC Institutional Members Vanderbilt University University of Vermont University of Virginia Virginia Commonwealth University Wake Forest University University of Washington Washington University in St. Louis University of Wisconsin - Madison Yale University

BioMed Central

Public Library of Science

Other Publishing Alternatives Open Archives Initiative Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) BioOne www/bioone.org

New Defense: Smear

New Defense: PR

New Defense: Pressure

New Defense: Anglerfish Scirus: “the most comprehensive science-specific search engine available on the Internet” …but only Elsevier journals

The Third Organism

What MLA Can Do Open Access Central on MLANET –Lots of info out there, but scattered Clearinghouse for educational materials –Centralized collection of handouts and presentations created by members to educate our users

What You Can Do Learn about Open Access Support Open Access in your library –Link to Open Access journals –Pay institutional fees Educate faculty about Open Access –Share materials through MLANET

Background Reading Peter Suber. Removing the barriers to research: an introduction to Open Access for librarians. College & Research Libraries News, 64 (Feb. 2003), pp , barriers

Keeping Up

Summary ParasitismCommensalismMutualism HarmHelp

Black slide with weasels