The Circulatory System by Heidi Boland, Kate Stewart, Noah Siedman, and Kip Clark

Blood Flow In Body Blue = Deoxygenated Blood Red = Oxygenated Blood (Source 4)

The Heart -Pumps blood throughout the body. -The heart is divided into: Right and Left Ventricles, Right and Left Atriums. -Deoxygenated blood from body --> right atrium --> right ventricle --> lungs. Oxygenated blood from lungs--> left atrium -- > left ventricle --> body. (Source 11)

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Valves -The structure of the heart includes multiple valves because it is essential that blood flows in the correct direction. Why do we have valves? -We have valves in order to prevent backflow of blood. It assures that the blood flows in the correct direction. (Source 11)

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BLOOD VESSELS Blood vessels are intricate networks of hollow tubes that transport blood throughout the entire body.

Cells Lining Blood Vessels Endothelial cells line all of the blood vessels in the circulatory system. These cells reduce friction and allow blood to flow farther, faster. (Source 9)

Arteries Structure -The walls (outer structure) of arteries contain smooth muscle fibres -Very thick to withstand pressure -Source 13 Function -Transports oxygenated blood around the body, mostly away from the heart. (Source 7)

Veins Structure -Thick walls like the arteries, -Veins have valves that aid the return of blood to the heart by preventing blood from flowing in the reverse direction. -Source 13 Function -Transport blood towards the heart. -Thick walls to withstand pressure -Transport deoxygenated blood only (except in the case of the pulmonary vein). (Source 2)

Venules Structure -Venules are minute vessels. -Many venules unite to form a vein. (Source 13) Function -Drains blood from capillaries into veins, for return to the heart (Source 8)

Arterioles Structure -Arterioles are tiny branches of arteries that lead to capillaries. -Source 13 Function -Transport blood from arteries to capillaries, regulate blood flow and pressure by constricting and dialating (Source 6)

Capillaries Structure: Branch off from arterioles. Tiny and one cell thick which permits exchanges of material between the contents of the capillary and the surrounding tissue. Red blood cells go through one at a time. -Source 13 Function: Responsible for diffusion between blood and various cells. Supply organs with blood, to remove waste from surrounding cells, exchange of gases and water between the blood and surrounding tissues. (Source 1)

Deep Vein Thrombosis -While arteries pump blood through smooth muscle contraction, veins rely on skeletal muscle movement for continuous blood flow. -Deep Vein Thrombosis occurs in a long, stationary situation, when blood can clot in veins deep within the body. -If the blood clots in a deep vein, it has the potential to travel to the lungs and can be fatal. (Source 12).

Gas Diffusion at the Cellular Level -In the lungs, capillaries receive oxygen -Between capillaries and body cells, oxygen, carbon dioxide (as a form of waste) diffuse to and from the cells. -Carbon Dioxide is later exhaled -Gas diffusion happens when capillaries are in close contact with red blood cells. If the the red bloods are not close to capillaries they will not give off gas. Therefore the optimal place for gas diffusion to happen is when red blood cells are in contact with capillaries. (Source 9)

Bibliography Images 1. Biomed 108. Capilarry Diagram Biological Sciences Biomed 108. SBCC, 17 Sept Web. 1 Nov Harun Yahya. Vein Diagram. N.d. Harun Yahya: An Invitation To The Truth. N.p., Web. 2 Nov Health.com. Ventricles and Atriums Within the Heart. N.d. Health.Com. N.p., Web. 1 Nov NOVA. Circulation of Blood Nova Online. PBS, Web. 1 Nov Stars and Seas. Heart Valves Stars and Seas. N.p., Web. 1 Nov St. Charles Community College. Arterioles Bio Journey. St. Carles Community College, Web. 2 Nov Texas Heart Institute. Arteries Diagram. N.d. Texas Heart Institute, Web. 1 Nov Webster’s Online Dictionary. Venules Webster’s Dictionary. N.p., Web. 1 Nov Starr, Cecie, and Ralph Taggar, "Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life." Circulation. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, Print.

Bibliography 10. rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Blood/Blood_Vessels.php "Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology." Nature Publishing Group (2010): Print. 12. Wedro, Benjamin C. "Deep Vein Thrombosis." Medicine Net. Medicine Net Inc., 10 Mar Web. 2 Nov Ivy Rose. "Blood Vessels - Vascular System." IvyRose Holistic : Holistic Health, Alternative Medicine, Human Biology and Anatomy & Physiology Study Pages Web. 1 Nov