The Pineal Gland and Pancreas Patrick Carney Patrick Robertson
The Pineal Gland Functions: the pineal gland releases hormones that control circadian rhythm and regulate certain reproductive hormones. Hormones: Melatonin Serotonin
Melatonin Melatonin is the principle hormone released by the pineal gland, and it controls many bodily functions.
Serotonin Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that affects mood/social behavior, appetite, sleep, memory, and sexual desire/function.
Diseases/Conditions Affecting the Pineal Gland Insomnia: results from melatonin deficiency Hypotension: results from melatonin overproduction Seasonal Affective Disorder: results from melatonin overproduction
Did You Know? The pineal gland was once known as the third eye, and the French philosopher Rene Descartes stated (incorrectly) that it was the, “principal seat of the soul, and the place in which all our thoughts are formed.”
The Pancreas Functions: releases hormones that regulate the level of glucose in the bloodstream Hormones: Insulin Glucagon
Insulin
Glucagon While insulin keeps blood sugar levels from rising too high, glucagon prevents them from becoming too low.
Diseases/Conditions Affecting the Pancreas
Diseases/Conditions Affecting the Pancreas Diabetes: causes blood sugar to rise to dangerously high levels as a result of insulin deficiency. Glucagonoma: a tumor of the a cells of the pancreas, resulting in the overproduction of glucagon, causing glucose to remain dangerously low.
Diseases/Conditions Affecting the Pancreas Gallstone Pancreatitis: when stones produced by the gall bladder clog the common bile duct, resulting in the inflammation of the pancreas.
Did You Know? The pancreas is actually two glands lumped into one organ, one with an exocrine function, and the other with an endocrine function.
Concept Check Questions What was the pineal gland known as, and who believed that it was the location of the human soul? Third Eye; Rene Descartes Describe some conditions that can result from the over or underproduction of melatonin. Insomnia: results from melatonin deficiency Hypotension: results from melatonin overproduction Seasonal Affective Disorder: results from melatonin overproduction Explain the conditions resulting in gallstone pancreatitis. when stones produced by the gall bladder clog the common bile duct, resulting in the inflammation of the pancreas.
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