1 Fourth and Fifth Amendments Police State – country where military or law enforcement are in power and abuse power Warrant – document that gives law enforcement official permission to take an action Seize – to take by force Evidence – items that prove or disprove someone’s guilt

2 Fourth and Fifth Amendments Probable cause – used to justify searching – law enforcement has reason to believe a crime is being committed or has been committed. Needs to be more than just suspicion but not enough to prove guilt. Reasonable Suspicion – level of proof schools need to search student belongings. Made up of three parts: 1. severity of threat; 2. reliability of source; 3. past record of the accused FOURTH AMENDMENT  Known as privacy amendment  Protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures  In most cases law enforcement must have a search warrant or permission to search or seize private property  Warrants are issued by a judge  Officer may only search for items related to crime specified in warrant  EXCEPTIONS: if officers believe they have “probable cause” or in some “terrorist” cases

3 Fourth and Fifth Amendments Indict – to formally accuse (doesn’t show guilt or innocence – just says a trial should happen) Indictment – a formal accusation Grand Jury – a jury who decides whether or not accused should be indicted (doesn’t decide guilt)

4 Fourth and Fifth Amendments Self-incrimination – saying something to show your own guilt Double jeopardy – being put on trial twice for the same crime Due Process of Law – laws must be reasonable and all procedures for cases must be followed equally for all citizens Eminent Domain – right of the government to take private property for public use Testify – giving information or evidence about a case in court FIFTH AMENDMENT  Citizens cannot be put on trial without a grand jury indictment  No Double Jeopardy  You cannot be forced to testify against yourself (Right against “Self- incrimination”)  Everyone has the right to Due Process  Government can exercise the right of Eminent Domain and take private property, but must pay a reasonable market value for property