Intergroup emotions in conditions of competition A.Prikhidko, O.Goulevitch ➲ Modern social psychology becomes more and more emotional. ➲ Emotions are studied at 5 levels of analysis (intraindividual, interpersonal, group, intergroup and cross-cultural) ➲ The idea of present study was to show the influence of personal dispositions on the emotions felt at the intergroup level.

Theory of intergroup emotions E. Smith ➲ Theory of intergroup emotions postulates that the feelings we have towards the members of another social group depend on the identification with an in-group. ➲ The more one identifies with an in-group the more intense emotions he will have for an out-group. ➲ To measure the intergroup emotions first you have to find out the level of in-group identification.

Studies of intergroup emotions show that ➲ The most frequent outgroup feelings usually include — anger, fear (and anxiety), guilt and zloradstvo (shadenfreude).

Studies of intergroup emotions show that ➲ Outgroup emotions are connected with social attitudes, stereotypes and prejudice. ➲ Sometimes outgroup emotions function as an infrahumanization technique and they can be used as a resource for different social actions.

Less is known about ➲ The intergroup emotions and their connection with individual dispositions of group members. ➲ The difference between emotions felt by members of small and big social groups when the size of a group is a criteria ➲ The influence of wide social context on the feelings felt towards another group

Less is known about ➲ Positive intergroup emotions — joy, happiness, sympathy.

Present study had 2 parts — one for a big and another for a small social group ➲ Research of intergroup emotions and their connection with individual dispositions of members and followers of political parties who took part in the president elections in 2008

Present study had 2 parts — one for a big and another for a small social group ➲ Research of intergroup emotions and their connection with individual dispositions of CJS players (CJS — students game — Club of Joyful and Smart)

Present study had 2 parts — one for a big and another for a small social group ➲ Paricipants — 38 male and 52 female followers of main political parties. ➲ Methods ➲ Identification scale ➲ Emotion scale ➲ EI test ➲ Coping test ➲ Participants — 38 male and 36 female members of CJS game groups ➲ Methods ➲ Identification scale ➲ Emotion scale ➲ EI test ➲ Motivation test

Intergroup emotions during the president elections ➲ Anger ➲ Contempt ➲ Disgust Which form a triad of hostility emotiondisgustcontempt rp<r anger

Intergroup emotions during the CJS games ➲ Sympathy ➲ Joy ➲ Anxiety ➲ Pride ➲ M1 — median before the games ➲ M2 - median after the games SympathyJoyAnxietyPride M1=5 M2=4 M1=4 M2=3 M1=1.5 M2=1 M1=3 M2=3

Intergroup emotions are influenced by ingroup identification ➲ This was right only for the members of big groups EmotionsGroup importanceSocial activity ßtp<ßt Anger Disgust Contempt

➲ Political parties ➲ Negative emotions are negatively connected with EE (external expression scale), EM (emotional management) ➲ CJS — Results for non-winners ➲ Negative emotions are mostly influenced by EE(external expression) scale) — the higher is EI the lower are negative emotions. ➲ Joy and anxiety are influenced by UE (understanding of emotions scale) Intergroup emotions are influenced by an emotional intelligence of ingroup members

Intergroup emotions are influenced by motivation of affiliation ➲ This was measured only for members of small groups Fear of resentment predicts sympathy in groups of non-winners after the game is over (ß=0.402, t= 2.149, p<0.05) and sadness (ß=0.404, t= 2.107, p<0.05). ➲ Fear of resentment predicts decreasing of anger (ß=0.382, t= 2.180, p<0.05) and guilt before the games (ß=0.367, t= 2.212, p<0.05).

Possible reasons for a big difference in the intergroup emotions between big and small groups ➲ Social context — competition in humorous game differs a lot from political competition: while members of CJS games need each other to continue their activities, members and followers of political parties want to destroy the outgroup ➲ Personal communication — the fact of knowing your opponent personally makes sense decreasing the level of hostility ➲ Mechanisms of psychological defense — they may work better having an influence on outgroup emotions when it comes up to game where humour is the point.