李开复 Kai-Fu Lee 选择的智慧 Wisdom of Choice

2 21 st Century: A Century of Choice “The most important event is not technology or Internet. It is … for the first time … Substantial and rapidly growing numbers of people have choices. For the first time, they will have to manage themselves.” Peter Drucker

3 How to make better choices? 3. Pragmatism 2. Flexibility 4. Objectivity 7. Courage 6. Perspective 5. Self-Awareness 1. Moderation 8. Follow Your Heart

4 6 Wise Ways to Choose 1. Moderation to Avoid Extremities: “The Middle Way” 中庸 Cowardice Blindly Follow Arrogance Fatalistic Bully Quixotic Extreme Moderate Pro- Active Self- Confi dence Serenity Empathy Self- Critical Courage

5 How to choose the right way? It depends! 2. The flexibility to decide situationally: 择善而从 Pro- Active Self- Confi dence Serenity Empathy Self- Critical Courage

6 2. Flexibility ： I disagrees with my boss; should I tell him? N Is he open- minded ？ Do not challege; get a new boss Y Bring up constructively 否 N Y Speak openly Has he made up his mind? Is this in a large forum? YY Do not challenge him N Speak openly

7 2. Flexibility: Leadership 6 。 Coaching 5 。 Accountable 4 。 Democratic 3 。 Harmonious 2 。 Visionary 1 。 Directive 6 Leadership Styles Best leader ： those who can possess all six styles, And flexibly decide on the style that applies to the situation Company needs to move to a new direction Leader is a good motivator Employees are domain experts Or when task is easy When employee knows more than the leader Or when the leader doesn’t hold an opinion Employees are highly motivated but lacks experience Leader is a good teacher Employees are pro-active and capable Leader will lead by example Company under crisis Employee not experienced Applicable when: Effective Leadership, D. Goleman

8 3. The Pragmatism to Pick Your Battles Steve Covey “7 Habits” No Influence Indirectly Influence Directly Influence

9 No Infuence 3. The Pragmatism to Pick Your Battles Indirectly Influence Directly Influence 1 。 Focus Accept things you cannot change 2 。 Increase circle of influence Change “indirect” to “direct”

10 4. The Objectivity to Analyze Your Options Worst case scenario –What’s the worst that could happen? –Can I accept that? –How can I do better than the worst case? What is the probability of success? –If you think your likelihood of success is in the 40-70% range, you should do it. Waiting longer could cost you more. Colin Powell Pros & cons analysis –Forces you to be objective –Solicit others to analyze

11 4. Objectivity: Pros & Cons Analysis StayJoinWeightW StayW Join Learn new technologies24248 Good manager Like my work Empowered, set own agenda Larger job52152 Career growth opportunities Enjoyable work environment34268 Have high credibility51151 Make more money

12 5. The Self-Awareness to Set Expectations If you lack self-awareness If you set expectations too high… –Result in disappointment, blame transfer If you set too low expectation… –Result in not stretching yourself, taking risks If you have self-awareness, you… Won’t give up on any failure Won’t be complacent on any success

13 6. The Perspective to Learn from Mistakes “What is wisdom?” “Making good decisions” “How do I make good decisions?” “Experience.” “How do I gain experience.” “Make bad decisions.” “The journey is the reward”

14 6. Perspective : How I benefited from failures ResolutionBenefitFailure Learn communication skills Became a good speaker & communicator Voted “Worst Teacher” in 1984 It’s not innovation that matters, but useful innovaton that matters “ Useful innovation” became hallmark of my career Forced to disband an innovative team in 1998 A failure is not a punishment, but an opportunity for resolution & benefit

15 7. The Courage to Let Go To choose one thing, you may have to forgo another –The more you possess, the harder it is to let go –Keep in mind: best opportunities are transient Peak?

16 7. Courage: How I let go No learning any more & want to move to China Joined Google China Impact to Google, China, Chinese students 2005: Let go of Microsoft career & connections Not seeing research turn into real impact Work in industry Products from past 17 years of industrial R&D 1990: Let go of 2 years of tenure- track work No passion Reason Accomplishments in the Computer Science in the past 20 yrs Change to Computer Science Major 1980: Let go of 1 year of work in pre-law major ResultBenefitLet go of… Expert system approach not scalable Built basis of modern speech recognition technologies & products Use machine learning and statistical approach 1984: Let go of 1 year of work on Ph.D. thesis

17 8. The Courage to Follow Your Heart Heart ： –Value : What is right? Newspaper test –Purpose: What do I want my life to be? Tombstone test –Passion : What do I love doing? If you find a job you love, you will never work a day in your life.” Best way to find your passion: “Stay hungry; stay foolish”

18 Wisdom of Choice: Have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary. Steve Jobs Stanford Commencement 2005