BELLWORK 1.Summarize Eisenhower’s policy of containment. (“New Look”) 2.Summarize Khrushchev’s idea of “peaceful coexistence.” 3.Why was there a “thaw” in tensions between Why did East-West tensions increase again after 1955? 5.Why did the Soviet launch of Sputnik create panic in Americans? 6.How did U.S. Congress & Eisenhower respond to the Soviet launch of Sputnik? 7.THINKER: Eisenhower and Khrushchev met several times between Although no decisions were reached, how did this show potential for a “thaw” in East-West tensions? What events made this “thaw” unlikely after 1960?

The Cold War “thaw!” New leaders, threat of nuclear warfare & “missile gap”

Stalin’s Death March 5, : Post-death struggle for leadership; eventually Khrushchev comes to power Gregory Malenkov

Changes in Leadership Dwight Eisenhower New Look Nikita Khrushchev Co-existence Compare/Contrast the policies of Eisenhower & Khrushchev

The Cold War in the 1950s: Space Race October 4, 1957 – USSR launched the first satellite, Sputnik, into orbit. – The Sputnik launch confirmed the Soviet Union’s superpower status. Became first artificial satellite into orbit on October 4, – The race to control space had begun! – Khrushchev: “We will bury you!”

US Response: NASA In 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was created.

U-2 Incident On May 1, 1960 a U.S. spy plane piloted by CIA Agent Francis Gary Powers was flying over the USSR and was shot down. Powers’ mission was to take aerial photos of two major missile test sites in the Soviet Union. Powers was unable to activate plane's self-destruct mechanism before he parachuted to the ground, right into the hands of the KGB.

8 The U-2 Incident When US learned of Powers' disappearance over USSR, it issued a statement claiming that a "weather plane" crashed after its pilot had "difficulties with his equipment." US officials did not realize: – Plane crashed intact – Soviets recovered its photography equipment – Captured Powers, whom they interrogated extensively for months before he made a "voluntary confession" and public apology for his part in US espionage Eisenhower refused to apologize for the U-2 Incident saying surveillance was “distasteful, but a vital necessity.”

How a U-2 works 0dHo XU XU – Skip to landing w/ car

Achievements in the Space Race Soviet astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to orbit the Earth in 1961 Later in 1961, Alan Sheppard, Jr. became the first American astronaut in space. In 1962, John Glenn, Jr. became the first American astronaut to orbit the Earth. The first woman to reach space was Soviet astronaut Valentina Tereshkova in 1963.

Yuri GagarinAlan ShepardJohn Glenn Valentina Tereshkova

New President attempts to win Space Race In 1960, John F. Kennedy was elected President. – First Catholic president – Youngest president ever; at age 43 – First televised presidential debate- 70 million viewers thought that Kennedy won. Radio listeners Nixon won Increased government spending on defense, and math/science education Created the Peace Corps On May 25,1961, Kennedy gave a speech challenging America to land a man on the moon by the end of the decade.

Man On The Moon!!! In 1969, U.S. astronauts Neil Armstrong, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin and Michael Collins made it to the moon.