Central European Monarchs Clash: The Hapsburg Family Holy Roman Empire: Holy Roman Emperor: Charles V (Hapsburg) Spain & Austria: Phillip and Ferdinand (Hapsburgs) German States: Various Protestant & Catholic Princes How did the Holy Roman Empire come to an end?

The Thirty Years War- Background Charles V = Hapsburg family & Catholic Charles V signed the Peace of Augsburg created peace between Cath. & Prot. Princes German empire churches could be Lutheran or Cath. Charles V’s brother, Ferdinand, was a Cath. Prince Ferdinand ruled Bohemia and Prot’s there didn’t trust him Ferdinand closed some Prot. churches, the people revolted Ferdinand sent in his army to crush the Protestant revolt Other Prot. German princes sent in their armies to help Protestants This started the Thirty Years War

Thirty Years War- Course In the first 12 years of the war the Catholic Hapsburg armies from Spain and Austria were crushing the Protestant Princes However, in 1630 Protestant Prince, Gustavus Adolphus, beat the Hapsburgs and drove them out of northern Germany Catholic France sent in troops to fight the Hapsburgs – France wanted to weaken the Hapsburg Empire

Thirty Years War Effects- New Countries The war ended with the “Peace of Westphalia” 1) Haps.were weakened in Sp. (Phillip) and Aust. (Ferdinand) 2) Strengthened Fr. by giving it new Germ. territory 3) Made Germ. princes independent from HRE 4) New way to end a war – Peace Treaty! This war ends the Holy Roman Empire & creates independent German states The Hapsburgs regain power in Austria defeat the Ottoman Empire & gain new territory New Haps. Ruler, Maria Teresa, would also face a new challenge from the German State of Prussia

The Seven Years War Prussia’s new leader, Frederick II, wanted to expand Prussia He combined two German states, Prussia & Brandenburg To avoid Prussia being attacked, Frederick decided to attack the Haps. in Aust. Maria Theresa of Austria Frederick II of Prussia VS

Frederick signed an alliance with Fr. to attack the Haps. Maria Theresa convinced Britain to join her fight British disliked the French- they were glad to help At first, Prussia is winning and gains new territory from the Haps. Maria Theresa convinced Fr. to switch sides and go against Prussia When Brit. hears Fr. is allied with Austria, they switched sides Maria Theresa also convinces Russia to join her side The war was fought both in Europe and the colonies in the Americas There were no winners in Europe – little territory changed However, in the Americas, Britain was the big winner taking away much of France’s Canadian territory (French and Indian War) VS Prussia & Britain Austria, Russia, France