Changing Ways of Life Rural and Urban Differences The New Urban Scene 1 SECTION Changing Ways of Life Ch. 21 Rural and Urban Differences The New Urban Scene 1920 census: 51.2% of Americans in communities of 2,500 or more 1922–1929, nearly 2 million people leave farms, towns each year Largest cities are New York, Chicago, Philadelphia - 65 other cities with 100,000 people or more In 1920s, people caught between rural, urban cultures - close ties, hard work, strict morals of small towns - anonymous crowds, moneymaking, pleasure seeking of cities

Cola leaf extract and coca nut juice

Two “soft” drinks as rivals, but Devil = “hard” liquor

Should the Government Tax Soda Should the Government Tax Soda? The push for a “soda tax” on sugary drinks By the numbers: Soda’s rank among all beverages consumed in U.S. = 1 Soda’s percentage by volume of all beverages consumed in U.S. = 26% Ounces of soda consumed per person annually in U.S. = 6,080 Part of a larger debate about “junk food” taxes” and “fat taxes”, as well as other “sin taxes” A tax of a penny per ounce would raise $15 billion in one year CEO of Coca-Cola: “outrageous idea … it never works where a government tells people what to eat and what to drink”

“cure” dyspepsia and relieve peptic ulcers “Great American Temperance Drink”

Liquor part of U.S. history Triangular trade, Whiskey Rebellion, “Alcoholic Republic” War vs. Drink Puritans: pleasure = sin “Maine Law” Progressive movement Crime, abuse, accidents, disease

The Prohibition Experiment 1 SECTION Ch. 21 continued Rural and Urban Differences The Prohibition Experiment 18th Amendment launches Prohibition era - supported by religious groups, rural South, West • Prohibition—production, sale, transportation of alcohol illegal • Government does not budget enough money to enforce the law 1919 Volstead Act to implement and enforce .5% Increased visits to church and doctor “Great social and economic experiment” OR “drunkenness driven indoors”?

Speakeasies and Bootleggers 1 SECTION continued Rural and Urban Differences Speakeasies and Bootleggers • Speakeasies (hidden saloons, nightclubs) become fashionable • People distill liquor, buy prescription alcohol, sacramental wine • Bootleggers smuggle alcohol from surrounding countries

Speakeasy Bootlegging

“moonlighting”

Alcohol Funny Car

1 SECTION Ch. 20 continued Rural and Urban Differences Organized Crime Prohibition contributes to organized crime in major cities Al Capone controls Chicago liquor business by killing competitors By mid-1920s, only 19% support Prohibition 18th Amendment in force until 1933; repealed by 21st Amendment

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJdKK6L8Z2o

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLUlqkguf9k stop at 4:30

1920s: Culture Wars Liberal vs. Conservative Wet vs. Dry Progressive vs. traditionalist Blue state vs. Red state Wet vs. Dry Immigration vs. Nativism Urban vs. Rural Blacks vs. Whites “New Woman” vs. old-fashioned family values Science vs. Religion Protestants vs. Catholics The German term, Kulturkampf, was coined to describe the clash between cultural and religious groups in the campaign from 1871 to 1878 under Otto von Bismarck vs. influence of Catholic Church

Science and Religion Clash 1 SECTION Ch. 21 Science and Religion Clash American Fundamentalism • Fundamentalism—movement based on literal interpretation of Bible • Fundamentalists skeptical of some scientific discoveries, theories - reject theory of evolution • Believe all important knowledge can be found in Bible • Fundamentalist preachers lead religious revivals in South, West - Billy Sunday holds emotional meetings - Aimee Semple McPherson uses showmanship while preaching on radio

1 SECTION Ch. 21 continued Science and Religion Clash The Scopes Trial • 1925, Tennessee passes law making it a crime to teach evolution • American Civil Liberties Union backs John T. Scopes challenge of law • Clarence Darrow, most famous trial lawyer of day, defends Scopes • Fundamentalist William Jennings Bryan is special prosecutor • Scopes trial—debates evolution, role of science, religion in school - national sensation; thousands attend • Bryan admits Bible open to interpretation; Scopes found guilty

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TObzZWVDHU&feature=related   1 min http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5Kdc0LLSW8&feature=related    3 mins

Intelligent Design