The Clash of Civilizations? “The fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future.” ………Samuel Huntington

Underlying Causes of Internal Conflict …….Michael E. Brown I.Structural Factors –Weak states –Intrastate security concerns –Ethnic geography

Underlying Causes of Internal Conflict …….Michael E. Brown II.Political Factors –Discriminatory political institutions –Exclusionary national ideologies –Intergroup politics –Elite politics

Underlying Causes of Internal Conflict …….Michael E. Brown III.Economic/Social Factors –Economic problems –Discriminatory economic systems –Economic development and modernization

Underlying Causes of Internal Conflict …….Michael E. Brown IV.Cultural/Perceptual Factors –Patterns of cultural discrimination –Problematic group histories

How Internal Conflicts Are Triggered 1)Internal mass-level factors – bad domestic problems 2)External mass-level factors – bad neighborhoods 3)External elite-level factors – bad neighbors 4)Internal elite-level factors – bad leaders

Edward N. Luttwak “Although war is a great evil, it does have a great virtue: it can resolve political conflicts and lead to peace.” “Policy elites should actively resist the emotional impulse to intervene in other peoples’ wars – not because they are indifferent to human suffering but precisely because they care about and want to facilitate the advent of peace.”

Kofi Annan “State sovereignty in its most basic sense is being redefined by the forces of globalization and international cooperation.” “…massive and systematic violations of human rights… should not be allowed to stand.”