Discussion Questions  Group 1: Explain the effect of wartime nationalism and post-war panic on immigration.  Group 2: Discuss the impact of immigration reform in general, as well as its specific impact on Asian Americans.  Group 3: Describe the immigration situation with Western Hemisphere nations. What changes were seen in the immigration of Mexicans?  Group 4: Explain the “race problem” in terms of regions. What changes did we see during and after World War I?

 A Clash of Values Chapter 10, Section 3

Nativism  Belief that one’s native land needs to be protected against immigrants  Economic recession, influx of immigrants, cultural tensions  Fear and prejudice against Germans and Communists  Blaming immigrants for bombings and loss of jobs

Sacco-Vanzetti Case  15 April 1920  Two men robbed and murdered two employees of a shoe factory  Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti arrested  Newspapers revealed they were anarchists  14 July 1921 – found guilty  6 years of appeals failed to save them from execution

Return of the KKK  Front runners of restricting immigration  Old Klan harassed newly freed African Americans  New Klan now after Catholics, Jews, immigrants, etc.  “Un-American”  William J. Simmons – preserve WASP culture  Immigration restrictions stripped Klan of major issue

Changes in Immigration  Keep America American  Emergency Quota Act  Annual admission to the US = 3% of total number of people in any ethnic group  National Origins Act  Made immigration restriction permanent  2% quotas based on census data from 1890  Pre-dated influx from southern and eastern Europe  Deliberately favored immigrants from northwestern Europe

Women’s Movement  “New Morality” glorified youth and personal freedom  Right to vote  sought to break free of traditional roles  Attitudes towards marriage changed  Joined workforce  Break away parental authority  Establish financial independence  Flapper  Bobbed hair, smoked cigarettes, drank liquor, wore makeup, sleeveless dresses, short skirts

Women’s Movement Cont.  Rise in female college attendance  Major contributions to:  Medicine:  Florence Sabin and tuberculosis  Literature: Edith Wharton, Willa Cather, and Edna Ferber won Pulitzer Prizes  Margaret Sanger  Families could improve standard of living by limiting number of children  American Birth Control League (1921)  Planned Parenthood  Increase use of birth control

Fundamentalism  “New morality” = moral decline  Bible was literally true and without error  Rejected theory of evolution  Creationism – God created the world as it was described in the Bible

Immigration to the United States,

Immigration to the United States,

Scopes Trial  1925 Tennessee outlaws evolution  ACLU advertised for teacher to break law  John T. Scopes, Biology  Prosecutor: William Jennings Bryan  Defense Attorney: Clarence Darrow  8 days of trial, Scopes guilty, $100 fine  Overturned on a technicality  Fundamentalism in political activity declined

Creationism  God created the universe in 6 days  Earth is only 10,000 years old  Bible tells of actual events  Great Flood  Earth stood still Evolution  Charles Darwin’s research  Geological evidence  Big Bang  **See Biblical stories as useful allegories

Prohibition  Rationale:  Religious reasons  Reduce unemployment, domestic violence, and poverty  18 th Amendment  January 1920  Volstead Act  US Treasury Department responsible for enforcing  Dramatic increase in Federal police power

Prohibition Cont.  Treasury Department struggled to enforce  540,000 arrests  Blatantly ignoring the law  Speakeasies  Bootlegging  Organized crime made huge profits

Ending Prohibition  70 federal agents killed while enforcing Prohibition  Battle to repeal began immediately  21 st Amendment  1933  Alcohol consumption down  Society not improved as hopes