BIO A simplified phylogeny of major groups of North American passerines (based on Gill 3 rd edition) You are responsible for knowing the following families, as well as the general phylogenetic relationships shown below. Note that these are only North American families To determine the position of other families relative to these see the text website 9-primaried oscines = Parulidae, Icteridae Emberizidae, Thraupidae, Cardinalidae, Fringillidae Motacillidae Passeridae Sittidae, Certhiidae, Troglodytidae, Polioptilidae Cinclidae, Turdidae, Sturnidae, Mimidae Bombycillidae, Regulidae Paridae, Remizidae, Alaudidae, Hirundinidae Vireonidae, Laniidae, Corvidae, Paradiseidae Tyrannidae (and 12 other families in other parts of the world) Eurylaimidae (broadbills) Suboscines Oscines Non-passerines

Paridae Alaudidae Remizidae Hirundinidae

Paridae includes the Chickadee and Titmouse In Arizona they include: Bridled Titmouse Juniper Titmouse

Mountain Chickadee Mexican Chickadee Black-capped Chickadee

Across the US Carolina Chickadee Boreal Chickadee Chestnut-backed Chickadee Grey-headed Chickadee

Oak Titmouse Northern Tufted Titmouse Black-crested Titmouse

Across the World The Grey-headed Chickadee is also found across Europe and Asia Tail-titmouse Fir-titmouse Bonnet-titmouse Blue tit or Great tit Cabbage-titmouse Bag-titmouse Pasture-titmouse Swamp-titmouse Often called tits in Europe and Asia and titmouse in North America 57 species around the world

Facts: Know for their “chick-a dee dee dee” call Form wintering flocks (with the exception of the Oak and Juniper Titmouse who are territorial year round) Make caches of insects Most are secondary cavity nesters No sexual dimorphism (songs are different) Important pest control

VerdinCommon Bushtit F. Remizidae - small parid-like balls of fluff

F. Alaudidae Horned Lark

Burrowers “Plain Jane” swallows Bank Swallow F Hirundinidae) Rough-winged Breast band

Secondary cavity nesters Tree Swallow Violet-green Swallow White above eye & on rump

Mud nesters Retort mud nest - Cliff and Cave Swallows Cup nest Barn Swallows

Remember: Apodiformes- swifts – Apodidae convergent on swallows but related to hummers!

BIO A simplified phylogeny of major groups of North American passerines (based on Gill 3 rd edition) You are responsible for knowing the following families, as well as the general phylogenetic relationships shown below. Note that these are only North American families To determine the position of other families relative to these see the text website 9-primaried oscines = Parulidae, Icteridae Emberizidae, Thraupidae, Cardinalidae, Fringillidae Motacillidae Passeridae Sittidae, Certhiidae, Troglodytidae, Polioptilidae Bombycillidae, Cinclidae, Turdidae, Sturnidae, Mimidae Regulidae Paridae, Remizidae, Alaudidae, Hirundinidae Vireonidae, Laniidae, Corvidae, Paradiseidae Tyrannidae (and 12 other families in other parts of the world) Eurylaimidae (broadbills) Suboscines Oscines Non-passerines

White-capped Dipper South America Rufous-throated Dipper Bolivia and Argentina Brown Dipper Asia and Japan White-throated Dipper Europe and Middle East

American Dipper AKA Water Ouzel Cinclus mexicanus North and Central America Oak Creek Canyon Wet Beaver Creek Fossil Creek White Mountains

Chunky or Round Short Tail Near Fast-Flowing Stream Gray Body Brownish Head White Eyelid Swimming and Diving for Food

Uropygial Gland 10X Larger 4,200 Contour Feathers Heavy Coat of Down Overheating a Concern Withstand Air Temps of -40°C Water Temps 0°C Only Dive for 15 Seconds Uropygial Gland 10X Larger 4,200 Contour Feathers Keeping Dry and Warm Heavy Coat of Down Withstand Air Temps of - 40°C Water Temps 0°C Only Dive for 15 Seconds

Feeding Behavior Dipping Head in Water Diving Eat Various Insect Larvae Caddisflies Mayflies Stoneflies Small Fishes Dipping Head in Water Eat Various Insect Larvae Caddisflies Mayflies Stoneflies Indicator Species Small Fishes

Nesting Behavior Monogamous Chose Site Near River Wet Materials Before Use Use Moss, Leaves, and Grass Lay 4-5 Eggs Young Leave Nest at Days Altricial Young Often Use Same Nest the Following Year Monogamous Chose Site Near River Use Moss, Leaves, and Grass Wet Materials Before Use Lay 4-5 Eggs Altricial Young Young Leave Nest at Days

F Mimidae General Description Long-tailed Short rounded wings Slender billed Sexes indistinguishable Dull gray and brown, some black or blue gray Red, yellow, or white irises

Nests Build somewhat messy, bulky twig nests in dense growth 2-5 eggs hatch in days 2 or 3 broods a year Pairs often stay together for more than one breeding season

Mockingbirds New World passerine birds 17 spp in 3 genera Best known for the habit of mimicking the song of other birds Fiercely defending their nests Identify by white flashes in wings and tail

Catbirds 2 spp, Gray Catbird (NA), Black Catbird (C.A.) Produce a cat like bark using both sides of the syrinx Generally found in bushy habitats including riparian, ponderosa, and desert habitats Grey Catbird »Small bill, black »Uniform gray »Black cap »Under tail rufous »Monogomous »Very defensive of nests

Thrashers 15 spp Name refers to feeding behavior

F. Turdidae Thrushes and allies Mountain Eastern Western Bluebirds Townsend’s Solitaire

Swainson’s Hermit Spotted thrushes

F. Bombycillidae waxwings F. Ptilogonatidae Phainopepla Cedar Waxwing Bohemian

F. Sturnidae European Starling Superb and Glossy Starling of Africa