REPORT ON NOTIFIABLE AVIAN INFLUENZA SOUTH AFRICA Dr. M de Klerk Chief State Veterinarian Directorate Animal Health Department of Agriculture

South Africa is a fairly dry country South Africa is a fairly dry country. Our biggest artificial water body is the Gariep Dam on the border between the Free State Province and the Eastern Cape Province. The biggest natural water bodies are Lake Sibaya and Lake St. Lucia in the northern part of KWaZulu Natal Province.

Common name Scientific name Eastern/Western* red-footed kestrel RISK OF INTRODUCTION OF NAI: THE MOST ABUNDANT SPECIES OF PALAEARCTIC* MIGRATORY BIRDS Common name Scientific name *Palaearctic = Migrant from Europe or Northern Asia Eastern/Western* red-footed kestrel Falco spp European Bee-eater* Merops spp Steppe Buzzard* Buteo sp Swallow* Hirundo spp Tern* Sterna spp Warbler* Phylloscopus spp The Swallows, Warblers and Terns represent the bird groups that migrate from Russia via Europe. Terns are shorebirds and inhabit South Africa’s vast coastline while Swallows and Warblers are distributed throughout the country. The kestrels represent the bird groups that migrate from Northern Asia to Africa and the Eastern red-footed kestrel specifically migrates from China via India to Africa. The Steppe Buzzard migrates from Asia via Israel to Africa.

Common name Scientific name Cuckoos Cuculus spp Knobbilled duck RISK OF INTRODUCTION OF NAI: THE MOST ABUNDANT SPECIES OF INTRA - AFRICAN MIGRATORY BIRDS Common name Scientific name Cuckoos Cuculus spp Knobbilled duck Sarkidiornis melanotos Storks Circonia spp Swallows Hirundo spp

RISK OF INTRODUCTION OF NAI: POULTRY FARMING SYSTEMS Commercial chickens (99,5%) Layers: 17 million Broilers: 624 million Parents: 5 million Total: 646 million Non commercial chickens (0.3%) 1.5 million (Approximately) Ostriches (0.1%) 0.5 million (Approximately ) Ducks and geese (< 0.1%) 0.3 million (Approximately)

RISK OF INTRODUCTION OF NAI: TRADE - IMPORT Poultry: No import of live poultry or birds from NAI positive countries (at least 6 months freedom). No import of poultry meat from NAI positive countries (at least 6 months freedom). Other poultry products (feathers) must be treated (Irradiation, fumigation). Other species: pigs: small numbers , same requirements as poultry. cats: domestic and wild – quarantine and testing.

RISK OF INTRODUCTION OF NAI: TRADE – EXPORT Ostrich meat: Mainly to EU. Poultry exports to SADC: -meat. -eggs. -live birds.

RISK OF INTRODUCTION OF NAI: TRADE – INFORMAL Small scale informal trade throughout South Africa. No big live bird markets.

CAPACITY: HUMAN RESOURCES AVAILABILITY TRAINING LEVEL VETERINARIANS VERY GOOD ANIMAL HEALTH TECHNICIANS LABORATORY PERSONNEL

CAPACITY: DIAGNOSTIC CAPABILITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE VERY GOOD INFRASTRUCTURE: LABS,EQUIPMENT AND CONSUMABLE SUPPLIES COMMUNICATION FACILITIES

PREPAREDNESS: SURVEILLANCE 6 Monthly testing: All commercial ostriches, commercial and non commercial chickens. Wild birds. CONTINGENCY PLAN Liaison with Department of Health, Disaster Management. Handling of suspect and outbreak situations.

No chickens were harmed during the production of this report PLEASE NOTE: No chickens were harmed during the production of this report

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