The Digestive and Excretory Systems

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Human Anatomy & Physiology DIGESTIVE & EXCRETORY SYSTEMS
Advertisements

Chapter 38.  Breaks food down into a form usable by cells (small enough to diffuse into cells).
Digestive System.
The Digestive System Organs
Regulating The Internal Environment Ch. 44. The Excretory System Osmoregulation: management of the body’s water content & solute composition Controlled.
The Digestive System.
The Digestive System.
Digestive System.
Chapter 30.3: The Digestive System
KEY CONCEPT Cells require many different nutrients.
Functions of the Digestive System Ingestion (bring food in) – Occurs when materials enter digestive tract via the mouth Mechanical processing (Crushing.
The Human Digestive System
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
Digestive System: From Mouth to Anus
Digestive and Excretory Systems. Did you know that your digestive system measure about 30 feet long – from end to end?
38–2 The Process of Digestion
Human Digestive System
Ch. 38 Digestive & Excretory Systems
The Digestive System Oral cavity Pharynx Esophagus Liver Stomach
The Digestive System The mysterious process uncovered!
The Digestive System The mysterious process uncovered!
Human Digestion.
Animal Nutrition. nutrition Food taken in, taken apart and taken up Herbivores – plants/algae Carnivores – eat other animals Omnivores – consume animals.
The Human Excretory System. Excretory System The kidneys regulate the amount of water, salts and other substances in the blood. The kidneys are fist-sized,
Chapter 32 Digestive and Excretory Systems
The Digestive System. Breaks down food into smaller particles so cells can use it Built around alimentary canal (one-way tube passing through body) Digestive.
The Digestive & Urinary Systems Chapter 10 – Section 1  Digestive system: the organs that break down food so that it can be used by the body  Digestive.
The Digestive System. Digestive System Overview Known as gastrointestinal (GI) tract or alimentary canal. Open at both ends to the outside world. Consists.
The Digestive System.
The Digestive System.
Objective: Student will Identify all of the Digestive & Excretory Systems Functions within the body Aim: What functions does the body use to rid itself.
Digestion Copy everything in red.
Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe.
Dinner Is Served Remember the last time you sat down to a dinner of your favorite foods? Recall everything that you did before you swallowed your first.
The Digestive System. Function: Breaks down foods into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and used by the cells of the body.
Digestive System and Excretory System. Process of Digestion Function: - help convert or break down foods into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 4 Stages of Food Processing INGESTIONAct of eating and drinking DIGESTION (2 Types) Process of breaking down food into.
The Digestive System Function: Breaks down foods into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and used by the cells of the body.
Lesson 2: The Human Alimentary Canal The Human Alimentary Canal … includes the entire tube from the mouth all the way to the anus.
Digestive System Notes January 27, 2016 *Record Notes in your Body Systems Booklet*
The Excretory System Chapter 36.3 Bio 392.  Excretion  the process of eliminating waste products of metabolism and other non-useful materials.  The.
DIGESTION.
 Create a cluster diagram of everything you know about the digestive system.  DO NOT USE YOUR BOOK!!!!!!  You must include at 5 facts but you can include.
Animal Nutrition. We need to eat! Since we as animals cannot produce our own food, we must EAT it. Classifying organisms by what they eat…  Herbivores:
The Digestive System.
From Intake to Output.  The body cannot use food in its original form ◦ The pieces are too large ◦ Some foods, such as fats, cannot be absorbed by the.
The Digestive System Chapter 3 Section 1. Digestive System Organs that break down food so it can be used by the body. Food passes through a long tube.
Functions of the Digestive System  The digestive system converts food into small molecules that can be used by the cells of the body.  Food is processed.
Unit 9: Human Body Digestive and Excretory Systems Mrs. Howland Biology 10 Rev. April 2016.
Digestion. Digestive Tract (passageway through digestive system) Mouth, including teeth & salivary glands Pharynx (larynx/esophageal fork at the end)
The Excretory System The Body’s Filter. Function of the Excretory System The human excretory system functions to remove waste from the human body. During.
The Digestive System. Digestion  Digestion: is the process of breaking down food into molecules the body can use, the absorption of nutrients, & the.
Chapter 18: Digestive and Excretory System Essential Question: How is our food broken down so our cells can use it?
SBI3U1. The Digestive System is made up of 1)The Digestive Tract 2)Accessory Organs.
Digestive and Excretory Systems. What is “digestion” Process of breaking down food into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the body  Break up.
Digestive System.
Digestion. Do Now Discuss the following with your seat partner: –Remember the last time you sat down to a dinner of your favorite foods? Recall everything.
The Digestive System Organs
KEY CONCEPT Cells require many different nutrients.
KEY CONCEPT Cells require many different nutrients.
The Digestive System.
The Digestive System.
Digestion and Excretion
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
Digestion.
Digestive and Urinary Systems
The Digestive System.
The Digestive System.
The Urinary and Digestive Systems
Chapter 41- Animal Nutrition
Presentation transcript:

The Digestive and Excretory Systems By. Emir Fils-Aimé, Alexis Murray, and Melody Schwenk AP Biology-Ms. Stein, Due 4/14/10

The Digestive System: Part I “Food’s Highway”

Digestion To be processed and expelled, food must pass through various digestive organs Food goes through the following organs: Mouth Esophagus  Stomach Small and Large Intestines  Rectum  Anus

The Oral Cavity, Pharynx, Esophagus Food begins digestion in the mouth Both physical and chemical digestion of food begin in the oral cavity The food is broken down physically by chewing, making it easier to swallow and increase surface area. The presence of food in the mouth activates salivary glands. The saliva starts the breaking down of food. -An enzyme, salivary amylase, hydrolyzes starch and glycogen. The tongue manipulates food into a ball called the bolus. It is pushed into the back of the throat to the pharynx

To prevent choking, when we swallow the epiglottis blocks the windpipe. From the pharynx the food is conducted to the stomach by the esophagus. Swallowing begins voluntarily but is taken over involuntarily by peristalsis. Peristalsis is the contraction of smooth muscle to help move food along the digestive tract.

The Stomach The stomach stores food and performs the preliminary steps of digestion. Before storing food, the stomach secretes gastric juice. This juice mixes with the food. Gastric acid binds cells together in meat and plant material. It also kills most bacteria in food. Pepsinogen, an inactive form of pepsin is also secreted so the gastric juice doesn’t burn the stomachs lining.

At the bottom, the stomach is closed off by the pyloric sphincter. Every 20 seconds the stomachs contents are mixed by the churning of smooth muscles. As a result of mixing and enzyme action, the food in the stomach becomes a nutrient rich broth called acid chyme. The stomachs ends are usually both closed off. At the top, its closed by the cardiac orifice, which only opens when a bolus arrives. Backflow may occur, causing heartburn At the bottom, the stomach is closed off by the pyloric sphincter. It helps regulate the passage of chyme into the intestine, one squirt at a time.

The Small Intestine Most of enzyme hydrolysis occurs in the small intestine. Acid chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and gland cells of the intestinal wall in the duodenum. The duodenum is the first 25 cm of the small intestine. The jejunum and ileum function mainly to absorb nutrients and water.

Small vessels of the lymphatic system called lacteal. The small intestine contains villi which also contain microvilli. These structures help to increase the rate of nutrient absorption. Small vessels of the lymphatic system called lacteal. Capillaries within the villi converge into the hepatic portal vein, which leads to the liver. It ensures that the liver is the first to receive access to sugars and amino acids

The Large Intestine The large intestine is also known as the colon. The appendix is located on the large intestine. It is dispensable. The large intestines major function is to recover water that has entered the alimentary canal. The wastes of the digestive tract, the feces, become more solid as they move along the colon by peristalsis. The terminal portion of the colon is called the rectum. Feces are stored here until they can be eliminated.

Key Terms Mouth- the first part of digestion takes place here. Chemical and mechanical digestion start here. Esophagus- tube between mouth and stomach. Forces food down to stomach by peristalsis Stomach- sac like muscular organ attached to esophagus. Stores food and starts digestion. Small Intestine- long tube winding from the stomach. Named small intestine for its diameter not length Large Intestine- tube that food travels through after the small intestine. Also called the colon. Gall-bladder-small sac like organ by the duodenum. Stores and releases bile. Duodenum- the first 25 cm of the small intestine. Liver- organ above the stomach. It filters toxins and makes bile and blood proteins.

The Excretory System: Part II

Urine Production The process of producing the fluid waste “urine” occurs in four steps: Filtration: Filtrate from the blood is collected by the excretory tubule. Water and solutes (which make up the filtrate) are forced across the selectively permeable membranes of capillary clusters and then into the excretory tubule. Reabsorption: The transport epithelium reabsorbs valuable solutes from the filtrate and returns them to the body fluids.

Secretion: The remaining substances, such as toxins and excess ions are removed and added to the excretory tubule. Excretion: The filtrate leaves the system and the body.

The Kidneys They are the principal site for water balance and salt regulation; they are found in a pair Receive blood from the renal artery and it is drained from the renal vein; blood flow through the kidneys is voluminous Urine exits them through the ureters and they drain into a single urinary bladder and from there, the urine exits through the urethra (found near the vagina in females and in the penis in males)

Consist of two different regions: the renal cortex (outer part) and the renal medulla (the inner part) Contains about a million nephrons; each nephron has a single long tubule and a ball of capillaries called a glomerulus The blind end of the excretory tubule forms a cup shaped swelling known as a “Bowman’s capsule”-it surrounds the glomerulus The initial filtration of blood, which is nonselective, occurs in the Bowman’s capsule first The filtrate then travels in spiraled direction to other regions including the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal tubule which empties into the collecting duct From the collecting duct, processed filtrate is transported to the renal pelvis and drained by the ureters ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) helps to regulate reabsorption levels and adjust the volume and osmolarity of urine, by increasing and decreasing permeability in the epithelium A special tissue known as the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) affects blood volume and pressure levels in the glomerulus

Activities: Part III

The Excretory System Crossword Puzzle E N E K D G Z Q R S K N U B N R K U C C V L E L L N R X U I G R N L S F X Z G C F N U P M Z Y L I H E K I A K R A I I H P D Q S H O U Q Z T O T I D J J S E L A R B R X P R L R E N Q S E D V K Y A R K D O A G E A O R L H Z Y L E Y L A S F U E I Q M I N C N O D G L N R U S A B K S R I O J V R U S V F Q T E S M D M Z N X Y L R Q E L N E N I W U H C V X C X I T G W A A T S B K Q A J O F Z U L B P V Y D T J Q A D H Y E R M V O V H R J A L A C U R B D L O H A K F W P K I D N E Y S R Y Q O W A Y Q Y X V K O K M P T Z I K L L L B Z W K M W V U Z O B Y I N I H G Z K X C W Y F S O L F O L U O N A M N X D P A Y J T D D W R N T T Z D S U H V Y E T S A W S U O N E G O R T I N L Q K O Q Y Y Z P V G I D V Q R E V I L F S Q X Q O O T I C Q C Z K K Z A I L N T O W E H X E G D D I T Z Q A J L T J O L B P K (1)

BLADDER BOWMANS CAPSULE GLOMERULUS KIDNEYS LIVER LOOP OF HENLE NEPHRON NITROGENOUS WASTE UREA URETER

1.After chewing, food goes down your throat or __________ . Fill in the Blank 1.After chewing, food goes down your throat or __________ . 2.Wave like muscle contractions called __________ move food through the digestive tract from one processing station to the next. 3.The three sections, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, in the __________ perform similar but different functions. However, ultimately nutrients are absorbed through the lining. 4.The __________ is located between the esophagus and small intestine; it’s primary function is to process and break down food into small enough parts so that it is passed through the rest of the digestive tract. 5.Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and the gallbladder are all __________ of the digestive system. 6.Partially digested food, called _________ , when combined with bile may be excreted from the body as a bowel movement. 7.The __________ is the last part of the large intestine that ultimately releases fecal matter from the body. 8.Waste products from the food you eat are stored in the __________ to be collected and processed into feces. 9.Food and drinks are transported down the __________ into the stomach. 10. Not only do __________ offer protection for the small intestine, but they also expand the space to allow molecules to enter easily. (2)

Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Peristalsis Chyme Small Intestine Large Intestine Villi Rectum Accessory Glands Anus

Label the Diagram (3)

The End!

Informative Resources http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/yrdd/ http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-body/digestive-system-article.html http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookEXCRET.html http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio105/kidney.htm