LINCOLN-DOUGLAS CROSS EXAMINATION

Your manner of questioning and answering affects your credibility or ethos. Communicate through your demeanor that you are dynamic, expert, trustworthy, and pleasant. There are four primary types of questions you can use: 1.Direct 2.Open 3.Probing 4.Leading

Direct Questions Refer to a specific piece of information and usually have a short answer. Example: –“What was the source for you definition of energy?” –“Do you support mandatory penalties for violations of your plan?”

Open Questions Allow the respondent to amplify ideas and probably should be limited to explanations of implications of the argument rather than repeating ideas already presented. Example: –“Tell us why you favor mandatory execution of violators” is better than “Explain your plan’s philosophy.”

Probe Questions These are similar to open questions in requiring a longer answer. They are often directed at a specific line of reasoning which the opponent has used. Example: –“Why do you (the opponent) rely so much on moveon.org for your evidence?” Such a question might reveal weakness in the research or evidence of your opponent. You can imply that the research is biased. Try to delve beneath the surface of the evidence or reasoning as to WHY it is included in the argument.

Leading Questions The debater can set up a series of questions, especially if some sort of logical relationship is the ultimate goal of his/her series of questions. You are setting up a series of questions which eventually lead the opponent to admit his or her weakness in reasoning and/or evidence.

In cross examination, the speaker whose opponent has just finished speaking should ask questions. Demanding “yes or no” questions are not permitted, and the debater being questioned should be allowed an opportunity to reply. The debater asking questions may cut off a reply if his or her opponent appears to be stalling, or if an important point has been reached. Throughout cross examination, both speakers should face the audience directly (not each other), and should remain courteous.