Pacific Southwest Research Station, Fresno, CA Kings River Experimental Watersheds KREW.

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Presentation transcript:

Pacific Southwest Research Station, Fresno, CA Kings River Experimental Watersheds KREW

2012 Accomplishments Snowmelt runoff and water yield along elevation and temperature gradients in California’s southern Sierra Nevada Journal of the American Water Resources Association Sediment loads and erosion in forest headwater streams of the Sierra Nevada, California. IN A.A. Webb, et al. Revisiting Experimental Catchment Studies in Forest Hydrology, IAHS Press Controls of streamflow generation in small catchments across the snow-rain transition in the Southern Sierra Nevada, California Hydrological Processes

Goals of the KREW Experimental Watersheds Understand processes and quantify variability of headwater stream ecosystems Understand processes and quantify variability of headwater stream ecosystems Evaluate the effects of forest management for healthy forests Evaluate the effects of forest management for healthy forests Prescribed fire Prescribed fire Thinning Thinning Apply models Apply models

Integrated Watershed Research Hydrology Hydrology Meteorology Meteorology Air quality Air quality Sediment & turbidity Sediment & turbidity Soils & geomorphology Soils & geomorphology Water chemistry Water chemistry Biology Biology Stream macroinvertebrates Stream macroinvertebrates Algae Algae Riparian & upland vegetation Riparian & upland vegetation Yosemite toad Yosemite toad

What is the current/natural variability in headwater streams and their associated watershed characteristics ? What is the current/natural variability in headwater streams and their associated watershed characteristics ? Why is this important ? Why is this important ? To evaluate the effects from To evaluate the effects from Changing climate Changing climate Forest management Forest management

Stream Discharge Patterns and Sediment Loads

Stream code Area (ha) Sediment Load Average annual ( ) Stream banks ( ) Headcuts ( ) Headcuts ( ) Normalized weight kg/ha ± s.d. Volume (m 3 ) Volume eroded (m 3 ) per year Volume eroded (m 3 ) in 2 years Volume eroded (m 3 ) In 6 years P ± (2.1/yr) P ± (1.6/yr) P ± (0.8/yr)18.6 (3.1/yr) D ± (1.2/yr) B ± B ± B ± T ± 213.6

Controls of Streamflow Generation Endmembers identified from mixing models using Ca, Mg, K and Cl Endmembers identified from mixing models using Ca, Mg, K and Cl Streamflow components Streamflow components 60% subsurface flow 60% subsurface flow < 40% snowmelt runoff < 40% snowmelt runoff < 6% fall storm runoff < 6% fall storm runoff Not significant Not significant Regional groundwater and soil water in unsaturated zone Regional groundwater and soil water in unsaturated zone

Mixed-Bed Resin Lysimeters at KREW 2 soil & 1 throughfall every 150 m NO 3 & NH 4 annual fluxes

Values at Nearby Sites SiteElevation(m) Annual N Loading kg/(ha*yr) O 3 24-hr Average (ppbv) Emerald Lake 2,800 2 – Mountain Home State Park 1, Giant Forest 1,920 6 – KREW 1, , week integrated Ozone40 ppb background level 60 ppb elevated level

N Deposition Levels in 2008

NH 4 Flux to Mineral Soil Extreme Values

KREW Timeline 2000 started building experimental site 2000 started building experimental site WY 2003 data collection started WY 2003 data collection started added sites & instruments added sites & instruments 2007 SSCZO started 2007 SSCZO started 2012 thin 2012 thin understory burns understory burns Latest burn spring/summer 2014 Latest burn spring/summer nd burn ? nd burn ?