Liliana Miranda Sara Mg. Arch. Chance2sustain EU 7 th research Framework Cities for Life Forum Resilience to Climate Change: City Water (risk) Governance Cases of Lima and Arequipa, Peru

Lima accounts for: 8 million inhabitants 2.1 % Growth rate 28% ….. National Population 45 %......GNP 56 %......Industrial GP 60 %......Nat. Services 84 %.....Tax collection 70 %.....Export companies 52 %.....Urban poor (nat.) AREQUIPA 700,000 inhabitants Richest consume: 250 lts/per/day Poorest (not connected): 25 lts/per/day (paying 10 times more)

Climate change impacts on water availability The current capacity of Peru’s glaciers is 43 billion m3 (2007) This represents 40% of the country’s water ‘stock’ - 25 billion m3 It is projected that in 10 years time 40% of Peru’s water ‘stock’ (glaciers) will be gone….we will only depend of rain… Highly Possible Scenario Source: MINAM

The four river basins of Lima Chillón, Rímac, Lurín and Mantaro rivers 2 nd driest city in the world. Peruvian tropical glaciers retreated by 22% over the past 25 years (including the Huaytapallana), which has lost the equivalent of water consumed in 10 years Lima

Water related Impacts and risks to Climate Change in Peru  Peru is one of the 10 most vulnerable countries in the world (IPCC)  Relocation of 2 million people: climate relocation (floods, sea level rises, loss of livelihoods).  Reduction in availability of and access to water.  Reduced hydropower generation (68% of energy source in Peru).  Availability of water dependant on rain and groundwater (causing rationing during drought).  Increased conflicts over water use.  Meanwhile the water and energy demands increases (the population of Lima increases by 120,000 annually). Based in: Environmental Ministry of Peru (MINAM)

LIMA’S TERRITORY OVERDIVISION Housing Ministry, 4 Regional Governments, 7 Provincial Municipalities and 53 District Municipalities…..

Institutional Capacity weaknes Not enough financial resources and technology to adapt, to respond and act accordingly Low level of knowledge and awareness about the impacts of climate change in the city, its water and everyday life Lack of policies, instruments and strong institutions for regional and city management and governability: No Sustainable Development Regional Plan neither City wide Development Plan nor Risk Management Plan

SUSTAINABILITY AND GOVERNANCE IN THE TERRITORY AND CITY City quality environment (Brown) City as part of a wider ecosystem: (Territory) New actors are needed to sustainably manage these interactions (Governance) Nature inside and around the city (Green)

Challenges:  To develop and strengthen resilience capacity of actors and networks for adaptation in Lima and Arequipa cities and territories  To build up consensus and agreements about what can be done, in collaboration and “concertation” with governments, businesses, community organizations, ngo’s, academic and media.  To strengthen territory and city water (risk) governance on adaptation to climate change of Lima and Arequipa

City Water (risk) Governance Resilience to Climate Change City for Life + Risk Governance,+ Water Public Management “The integration in the territory and the city of water related risks to climate change to contribute to their Sustainability and Governance” The final purpose: How (and with whom) to develop an integrated and equitable City Water (risk) Policy and Governance Strategy? To clarify who (and how) decides what and where, and Which resilient capacities should be enhanced in order to be able to implement it

MULTIPLE LEVEL OF ANALYSIS: IDENTIFYING KEY ACTOR´S RESILIENCE CAPACITIES NATIONAL LEVEL Policies, norms and strategies LOCAL LEVEL Participatory action research REGIONAL LEVEL City + Territory interactions Social construction of Knowledge and consensus building

Safe Water (environment health) Housing (Social) Urban and Water Infrastructure Risk Issues Environmental Issues (climate change) International organizations PNUD, BID, CAN (finance and policy development) PNUD, BID (finance and policy development) PNUD, CAN Policy development UNEP, other UN Agencies National government MVCS and EPSs (SEDAPAL), MINAM, MINSA. (National policies, laws and finances investments) MVCS (National policies, laws and finances investments) MTC, MINSA Policies, laws, coordination and implementation, finances investments INDECI Policies, security org. PCM, MINAM Disaster prevention and management Regional government GORE GOREs Direcciones Sectoriales- (finances investments and implements projects) GOREs - Direcciones Sectoriales- (co-finances investments) GOREs (co-finances investments) Coordination, Monitoring (Dirección Regional Sectorial) INDECI- GORE (Secretaria de Def. Civil) Coordination GORE Gerencia Regional de RRNN y Gestion Ambiental Local governments (Provinciales distritales) Waste water treatment and safe water control - finances investments and implements projects Supervises housing standards, zoning, licences, local norms Local infrastructure, grant programs from nat. Gov. licences, dictates local norms INDECI- Secretaries, Committees, risk planning, security Adaptation policy integration Secretarys, Comitees. Disaster management New Kinds of Risks and Organizations Responsible in Peru (based on Baud/Hordijk)

Liliana Miranda Sara, Foro Ciudades para la Vida - Ecociudad 13 CITY WATER GOVERNANCE ? City Concertation Board Civil Society NGOs and private organizations Universities and Experts Civil Society Civil Society Organizations + Regional + Provincial Governments Platform MVCS + SEDAPAL

Thanks! Cities for Life Fora, Executive Director: Mg. Arch. Liliana Miranda Sara Vargas Machuca 408, San Antonio, Miraflores, Lima Perú Teléf./fax + 51 (1) , Web page: