Math and Human Behavior Math 250 Pre-May Seminar

Axioms of Human Behavior All are created equal All are created equal Knowledge and beliefs arise from senses Knowledge and beliefs arise from senses Behavior determined by enjoyment of pleasure, avoidance of pain Behavior determined by enjoyment of pleasure, avoidance of pain Human nature shaped by culture & environment Human nature shaped by culture & environment All act according to self interest All act according to self interest

Jeremy Bentham ( ) A “codifying animal” A “codifying animal” Luckless in romance Luckless in romance Anti church/state alliance Anti church/state alliance Anti monarchy Anti monarchy Anti packed juries Anti packed juries Maximize pleasure, minimize pain Maximize pleasure, minimize pain

Jeremy Bentham ( ) Moral Calculus Moral Calculus Cost-Benefit Analysis Cost-Benefit Analysis Democracy and Universal Suffrage Democracy and Universal Suffrage Utilitarianism Utilitarianism

John Locke ( ) Tabula Rasa Tabula Rasa Rights Rights Social Contract Social Contract Limited Government Limited Government

Declaration of Independence When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

Declaration of Independence We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government.

Thomas Malthus ( ) Rates of Growth: Population vs. Production Geometric vs. Arithmetic

David Ricardo ( ) Supply and Demand Supply and Demand

Raymond Pearl ( ) and Lowell Reed ( ) Rediscovery of Logistic Growth

John Graunt ( ) and William Petty ( )

Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet (1796 –1874)

Vilfredo Pareto ( ) Pareto Principle Pareto Principle Power Laws Power Laws

Vilfredo Pareto ( ) Pareto Principle Pareto Principle Power Laws Power Laws Distribution of World GDP, 1989 Quintile of populationIncome Richest 20%82.70% Second 20%11.75% Third 20%2.30% Fourth 20%1.85% Poorest 20%1.40%

Francis Galton ( )