South America History and Present Day

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Presentation transcript:

South America History and Present Day Objective 1: To summarize the history of South America. Objective 2:To explain present day issues in South America.

History Most explorers looking for El Dorado Spanish colonized most areas. Other European nations got involved with the region. (ex. British in Guyana, Dutch in Suriname) Millions of deaths of the Native population Began importing slaves from Africa Creation of the Mestizos

Colombian Exchange

Independence and Conflict Simon Bolivar – leads many to independence from the Spanish. Massive oil wealth in Venezuela but inequality amongst many. Paramilitaries (def?) in many South American states. What current issues cause conflict in South America?

Present Day Latin America – areas of the Americas influenced by the cultures of Spain, France, or Portugal. Diverse cultures (influences from Africa, U.S., France, and even India!) and varied governments. Environmental concerns – oil spills and leaks (Lake Maracaibo), deforestation, pesticide use)

Land Subsidence – sinking of the ground Land Subsidence – sinking of the ground. Due to decades of draining underground oilfields.

Present Conflicts and Tensions Ethnic tensions (Suriname conflict between ethnic Asians and Africans) Colombia – civil war against insurgents who have been hiding in the mountains

Andes and the Pampas Climate – El Niño and La Niña, the former causes heavy rains every few years.

Vertical Climate Zones Near the Equator – climate is hot up to 4,900 feet. The higher you go, the cooler it gets.

Land Use

Geography and History Andes are difficult to cross, causing isolation amongst members of society, today there are few east-west roads. Fertile Pampas attracted settlement and helped create wealth in Argentina. Hot lowlands forced people to settle in the Andes and in northern areas.

Incan Empire Largest empire in the Americas Advanced society with paved roads and planned agriculture. Conquered by Francisco Pizarro in 1532. What gave the Spanish an advantage? Have we seen this before?

Mercantilism

Present Day Issues and Economies Logging and gold mining are damaging tropical forests. Urban pollution. Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay are richest nations in the region. Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia are poorest

More diversified economies in the region. Strengthening economic ties with one another. MERCOSUR – free trade agreement signed by Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay. (Mercado Comun del Sur “Southern Common Market”) Andean Community of Nations signed by Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru U.S.-Chile Free Trade Agreement

Government Reforms Referendum – allows voters to choose whether a new constitution or new laws are to be accepted Ex. Chile’s return to democracy in 1990 was triggered by 1989 referendum and to amend (make changes) to the constitution.