Catalyst: 1.) Humans using fertilizers next to lakes cause eutrophication due to the fact that the limiting factor for productivity in such environments is usually: a. Lightc. Carbone. Nitrogen b. Salinityd. Oxygen 2.) All organisms that are capable of fixing nitrogen gas (N 2 ) in the N cycle are: a. Bacteriac. Animalse. Protists b. Plantsd. Fungi 3.) Eutrophication in lakes is frequently the direct result of a. nutrient enrichmentc. increase in predation b. diminished supply of nitrates d. decreased light

Objective: Determine the underlying components of biological evolution

Trial #1 1.) Predator 1 will have 30 seconds to use his/her “pinchers” to eat as many dots as possible. (predators can only pick up 1 dot at a time) 2.) Have the data recorder count and record the number of dots “eaten” by color. 3.) Repeat steps 1 and 2 with Predator 2. 4.) As a group discuss the reflection questions.

Trial #2 1.) Predator 1 will have 30 seconds to use his/her “pinchers” to eat as many toothpicks as possible. (predators can only pick up 1 toothpick at a time) 2.) Red toothpicks are poisonous, so you must avoid them. 3.) Have the data recorder count and record the number of toothpicks “eaten” by color. 4.) Repeat steps 1-3 with Predator 2. 5.) As a group discuss the reflection questions.

What ecological community relationship was simulated by the toothpick activity? Batesian Mimicry What ecological community relationship was simulated by the whole punch activity? Cryptic Coloration or Camouflage

Batesian Mimicry and Cryptic Coloration (camouflage) are examples of adaptations. An adaptation gives an organism an advantage in the struggle for survival.

Evolution: the change in allelic frequencies in a population

Microevolution: the changes in a single gene pool Macroevolution: the appearance of a major evolutionary development or a new species.

Microevolution vs. Macroevolution

Speciation: can occur in 2 ways Anagenesis (phyletic evolution): occurs when one species replaces another. Cladogenesis (branching evolution): occurs when a new species branches out from a parent species