By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua, NY

The Geography of Rome

Italy in 750 BCE

Influence of the Etruscans  Writing  Religion  The Arch

The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus

Republican Government 2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome) Senate (Representative body for patricians) Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)

The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE  Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

The Roman Forum

Rome’s Early Road System

Roman Roads: The Appian Way

Roman Aqueducts

The Roman Colosseum

The Colosseum Interior

Circus Maximus

Carthaginian Empire

Hannibal’s Route

Reform Leaders  Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land. Military Reformer  Gaius Marius recruited an army from the poor and homeless. professional standing army.

PompeyPompey Civil War & Dictators Julius Caesar

Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC The Die is Cast!

The First Triumvirate  Julius Caesar  Marcus Licinius Crassus  Gaius Magnus Pompey

Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE

The Second Triumvirate  Octavian Augustus  Marc Antony  Marcus Lepidus

Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor

The First Roman Dynasty

Pax Romana : 27 BCE – 180 CE

The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

The Rise of Christianity

63 BC – Rome controls Judea –Self-govern –Jewish kings ruled as Reps of Rome 6 AD – Rome made Judea a Providence Jews are divided 1.Zealots – wanted to rid Judea of Romans 2.Messiah – biblical tradition-God would send messiah to restore Kingdom of Jews

SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY Peter, Paul, and James Leaders of movement Traveled and spoke all over the world –Jesus was son of God and died for our sins Paul –Never saw Jesus, had vision –Traveled around Mediterranean to Mesopotamia to Rome

St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

The Spread of Christianity

TRIUMPH 313 AD Edict of Milan –Roman Empire would not persecute any religion Constantine –393 AD – Christianity religion of Rome

MARCUS AURELIUS Last Good Emperor

Imperial Roman Road System

DECLINE OF ROME 180 AD – Death of Marcus Aurelius –Last good Emperor –Ended Pax Romana and Golden Age Struggles for Power –50 Emperors in 26 years –One died of natural death –Overthrown or assassinated

The Empire in Crisis: 3c

DIOCLETION 284 AD - Restored order –Recruited soldiers/expanded army –Hired mercenaries and foreign armies –Fixed prices to stop inflation –Forced farmers to stay on land

ECONOMIC/SOCIAL PROBLEMS High taxes to support Army –Put heavy burden on businesses and small farmers Farmland over cultivated –Farmers would leave land Christianity rising

DIVISION OF ROME Eastern – Diocletian –Greek speaking –Wealthy and prospering –Byzantium is capital Western – Co-Emperors –Latin speaking –In major decline

Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

Constantine:

CONSTANTINE 324 AD – Gained control of both Roman Empires Built Constantinople (Byzantium) –Moved capital to Constantinople Power shifting to East After Death –World divided again

Constantinople: “The 2 nd Rome” (Founded in 330)

Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”

Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire

The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian

The Byzantine Emperor Justinian

The Legacy of Rome  Republic Government  Roman Law  Latin Language  Roman Catholic Church  City Planning  Romanesque Architectural Style  Roman Engineering Aqueducts Aqueducts Sewage systems Sewage systems Dams Dams Cement Cement Arch Arch