Rome 20-3.

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Presentation transcript:

Rome 20-3

Anticipatory Set What are some factors that led to the destruction of other empires you have studied?

Standards H-SS 7.7.1 – Students analyze the causes and effects of the vast expansion and ultimate disintegration of the Roman Empire

Key Terms Corrupt - dishonest Money supply – the total amount of money in an economy Inflation – general rise in the cost of goods

Big Idea Unstable government, high taxes, and splitting the empire in two all contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire

Political and Economic Trouble The Pax Romana ended in AD 180 with the death of the emperor Marcus Aurelius Last of the five powerful emperors who kept the empire strong and united

Unstable Government The decline began with a series of weak emperors Commodus (Marcus’ son) was corrupt In the 50 years after AD 235, there were 21 emperors!

High Taxes The civil wars created enormous economic problems One reason for the people’s inability to pay their taxes was that the empire’s supply of gold and silver coins was declining More coins left the empire than could be replaced

Price Inflation Emperors tried to increase the money supply by issuing coins made of less precious metal As a result, merchants raised their prices Inflation Inflation hurt commerce, and made it difficult to supply the army

Diocletian Divides the Empire In 248 the empire got a capable emperor: Diocletian Reorganized the imperial government from top to bottom Double the size of the army Increased the number of magistrates Split the empire into two parts: Eastern Roman Empire Western Roman Empire

Diocletian Divides the Empire Reforms looked good on paper… but were expensive to carry out To pay soldiers he raised taxes Led many farmers to abandon their farms when they couldn’t pay Loss of farms weakened the empire’s already struggling economy

Constantine’s New Capital A military officer named Constantine defeated his rivals to become ruler after Diocletian’s death In 330, began work on an impressive new capital which is now Turkey He built his “New Rome” on the site of an old Greek city called Byzantium After his death the city was renamed Constantinople

Political and Economic Troubles Read Political and Economic Troubles on pages 578-580 of your textbook

The Collapse of the Empire Unstable government and economic problems weakened the Roman Empire from within The empire was also being attacked along its borders The most serious threat was from the Germanic peoples of Eastern Europe

The Germans Two great rivers, The Rhine and the Danube, marked the northern and eastern boundaries of the Roman Empire in Europe Romans called the people living past these frontiers “Germans” By the time of Constantine, thousands of Germans had joined the Roman army

Barbarians on the Move The crisis that would test the Roman Empire’s border legions came from the Huns of Central Asia In the 300s, the Huns conquered northern China Then they turned towards Europe Germans fled in terror

Barbarians on the Move In 376, the Goths crossed the Danube, entering the empire When the Romans tried to drive them back, they were badly defeated Other groups followed, and the western provinces were taken over by peoples who set up their own Germanic kingdoms

The Fall of Rome In time, Rome itself came under attack Visigoths invaded Rome in 410 and looted the city In 455, Vandals attached Rome a second time Their raid was so destructive that we still use the term “vandalize”

The Fall of Rome Rome never recovered from these attacks Historians have used the date 476 to mark the fall of the Roman Empire However, Roman peace, order, and government had collapsed long before that date

The Fall of Rome In the Eastern Roman Empire, Constantinople survived as the capital of what is still called the Roman Empire Its people still saw themselves as Romans, although their main language was Greek Today the Eastern Roman Empire is known as the Byzantine Empire Was not defeated by barbarians, and would last another thousand years

Check For Understanding What were Rome’s economic problems?

Check For Understanding What were Rome’s economic problems? Rome’s economic problems were high taxes and inflation.

Guided Practice How did economic problems affect the poor in Roman society?

Guided Practice How did economic problems affect the poor in Roman society? Rome’s economic problems affected the poor in that they were not able to pay taxes, which caused most of them to become slaves.

Independent Practice Complete Rome 20-3 Independent Practice