WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 17 Celebrate Freedom Activity Finish Video- I will do the Notebook Check at this time Christianity Worksheet Notes Homework- Rome 4,5,6

The Fall of Rome The Long Decline

Pax Romana Pax Romana (Latin for "Roman peace") was the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. Since it was established by Caesar Augustus it is sometimes called Pax Augusta. Its span was about 207 years (27 BC to 180 AD). Pax Romana Handout

Fall of Rome Causes of the Fall of Rome p. 149-150 Many factors led to the fragmentation of Western Europe and the rise of feudalism including the disruption of trade which led to the collapse of businesses, the destruction of economic centers, and scarcity of money as a result of invasions, the downfall of cities as centers of administration, a shift to a rural population as Roman citizens abandoned the destroyed cities, a decline of learning since Germanic invaders could not read or write, the loss Latin as a common language , a change in the concept of government from one of loyalty to public government, and written law shifted to governance through unwritten laws and traditions. Causes of the Fall of Rome p. 149-150

The Decline and Fall of Rome Economic Causes Social Causes Political Causes Military Causes 1. Germanic invasions 2. Weakened Roman legions 1. Oppressive government & Corrupt officials 2. Divided empire which weakened 1. Heavy taxes 2. Population decline

Roman Chaos After the death of the Emperor Marcuse Aurelius in 180, the golden age of the Pax Romana ended, and for the next 100 years Rome was in chaos

Several Emperors In one 50 year period, at least 26 emperors reigned, by seizing power with support of troops, only to rule for several months or a year.

Roman Decline Political violence and instability, rather than order and efficiency thus became the rule High taxes to support the army and the bureaucracy placed heavy burdens on business people and small farmers Farmland that had been over cultivated for too many years lost its productivity

Diocletian In 284, the emperor Diocletian set out to restore order, by dividing the empire into two parts Western Empire & Eastern Empire Diocletian attempted to increase the prestige of the emperor again by surrounding himself with elaborate ceremonies, wearing jewels and purple robes, and made people bow down to him Diocletian also took steps to end the empire’s economic decay, by slowing inflation He fixed prices on goods.

Constantine Emperor Constantine takes power in the year 312 AD. He took two steps that changed the course of European History Step 1 – Granted tolerance to Christians Step 2 – Built new Capital (Constantinople)

Impact of the Huns Wars in Central Asia & famine caused the Huns to migrate across Central Asia By 350 AD, the Huns reached eastern Europe, & forced the Germanic tribes south to Roman lands seeking safety Under attack, the Roman empire surrendered first Britain, then France & Spain.

Rome Defeated In 378 AD, when the Roman army tried to turn back the Visigoths at Adrianople, it suffered a stunning defeat and Roman power was fading In 410 AD, the Visigoth general Alaric overran Italy and plundered Rome Starting in 434, the Hun leader Attila embarked on a savage campaign a of conquest across Europe

Rome Defeated Christians referred to it as the “scourge of God” for the punish of sins Attilla’s invasion forced Germanic Tribes south again into Roman Empire In 476 AD Odoacer destroyed Rome and exiled the Last Emperor of Rome

Collapse of Rome and Han China Factors for both: corrupt governments in both empires, infighting among political elites, empires too large in areas to manage, invasions from hostile nomadic tribes, social inequality among the classes with tax burdens on lower classes, inequitable distribution of lands, decline in morals and values, public health and urban decay, and unemployment and inflation

Golden Age of the Han Significant cultural achieveme nts during the Han Dynasty: Acupuncture Paper Ship rudder Fishing reels Wheel barrows Fall of the Han: by 220 CE the empire grew weak. Later emperors were incompetent, and their reigns were marked by corruption, immorality, and apathy. Some Confucian scholars declared that the Han Dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven. China was DIVIDED for nearly 400 YEARS(220 AD to 618 AD). History will repeat itself, within 300 years the great Roman Empire will crumble because of the same reasons.

Collapse of Rome and Han China Factors for both: corrupt governments in both empires infighting among political elites empires too large in areas to manage invasions from hostile nomadic tribes social inequality among the classes with tax burdens on lower classes inequitable distribution of lands decline in morals and values public health and urban decay unemployment and inflation

Shi Huangdi – cracked down on Confucians to increase his power Persian provinces were administered by hereditary provincial governors (satraps) Shi Huangdi – cracked down on Confucians to increase his power Gupta impact of mathamatics Developed the Arabic number Concept of zero Fall of the Han Dynasty High taxes Political corruption Foreign invasion Athenian democracy limited to only male Athenian citizens of legal voting age

Parthenon Aqueduct Pantheon Roman Forum Roman Colosseum Romulus and Remus Parthenon Aqueduct Pantheon Roman Forum Roman Colosseum