“Sapienza” University of Rome Ministero dell’InternoPolizia di Stato ICARUS Project Showbiz Inc. ICARUS Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety TREN/SUB/ Preliminary results of the research on risk factors of young drivers “Sapienza” University of Rome 14 Supporter Countries - Meeting in Ljubljana, November 10th and 11th, 2010
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Within the ICARUS Project, it will be developed, for the first time, a training model to be shared with the EU Countries. The training model will be grounded on a research aimed at detecting the main risk factors in road safety.
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety 1. Identifying main Risk Factors involved in road safety. 2. Developing a shared European Training model starting from and taking into account research results. Aims of the Project
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety The main steps: 1)to identify a European Network of road safety training agencies; 2)to conduct an analysis on the driving style and habits of young drivers in different EU countries; 3)to define a set of guidelines to approach the issue “road safety” in relation to young drivers on a European scale; 4)to prepare a Manual with a CD-ROM to perform the training for prevention of road accidents.
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety The intervention areas will be developed in 11 steps along a period of 30 months. Step 1. Creation of a network of participants. Step 2. Preliminary study aimed at drawing up and adapting a questionnaire. Step 3. Sample selection. Step 4. First Conference in Rome.
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety First Conference in Rome Rome - 15/16 October 2009
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Step 6. Organization of a database (data coding and input). Step 7. Data analysis. Step 8. Interpretation of results and first intermediate report. Ljubljana Workshop Step 9. Identification of best practices. Step 10. Creation of a manual both in paper and electronic format. Step 11. Final conference in Brussels.
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Workshop in Ljubljana in order to discuss: a) common and/or national-specific risk factors. b) individual variables predicting a risk taking behaviour. c) existence of groups of drivers at higher risk of being involved in car crashes and their individual variables.
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Total Sample 9611 Respondents 4010 Car Drivers 2556 males yo 1454 females yo 1349 Scooter Drivers 1000 males – 20.1 yo 349 females yo 4252 Non-Drivers 2560 males – 21.3 yo 1692 females yo
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Today, results will be discussed about: Italy Slovenia Austria Bulgaria Ireland Cyprus Poland Lithuania Latvia
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Work are still in progress for the following Countries: Malta Germany Francia Slovakia Estonia
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety The Questionnaire A series of Scales concerning: General attitude toward road safety (Scale A) Locus of Control (Scale B) Driving-related rage (Scale D) Moral disengagement (Scale E) Personality (Scale F) Driving behaviour (Scale I) Representation of alcohol effects (Scale F) Questions about driving expertise, habits etc.
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Layout of Analyses Data check Identification of the dimensions underlying the Scales Factor Analyses, Principal Axis Method, Oblimin Rotation Identification of the number of groups of respondents Cluster Analyses, Hierarchical Algorhythm, Complete Linkage, Squared Euclidean Distances Identification of groups of respondents Cluster Analyses, K-Means Method Identification of profiles and risk factors Multivariate Analyses of Variance and Discriminant Analyses
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety For instance: A group of “ Safe Drivers ” exists in all the Countries A group of “ Risky Drivers ” exists in all the Countries However, specific groups exist in some Countries but not in all of them, such as the “ Overconfident ”, the “ Aggressive ”, the “ Speeding ” Drivers, etc. The general patterns of results are pretty similar across Countries, but specificities do exist.
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Safe Drivers He/she has a friendly attitude toward the others, and has a positive attitude toward the moral norms. He/she doesn’t feel rage against other drivers or obstacles. He/she thinks accidents are mostly due to factors under his/her control, and that a careful driver could avoid them. He/she has a positive attitude toward the traffic code. He/she is aware of the negative effects of alcohol on general human behaviour.
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Risky Drivers He/she has an egocentric attitude, shows moral disengagement, and looks for excitement and strong sensations. He/she feels rage against other drivers and obstacles. He/she thinks accidents are mostly due to factors not under his/her control. He/she has a negative attitude toward the traffic code (sometimes thinks that violations are useful to make traffic going). He/she considers alcohol as having positive effects on the general human behaviour.
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Overconfident Drivers He/she has a friendly attitude toward the others, and has a positive attitude toward the moral norms. He/she doesn’t feel rage against other drivers or obstacles. He/she thinks accidents are mostly due to factors under his/her control, and that a careful driver could avoid them. He/she has a negative attitude toward the traffic code, and is especially tolerant toward speeding. He/she is aware of the negative effects of alcohol on general human behaviour.
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Aggressive Drivers He/she has a friendly attitude toward the others, and has a positive attitude toward the moral norms. He/she feel rage against other drivers and obstacles, has an aggressive way of driving, and is tolerant toward speeding. He/she thinks accidents are mostly due to factors under his/her control, and that a careful driver could avoid them. He/she has a positive attitude toward the traffic code. He/she is aware of the negative effects of alcohol on general human behaviour.
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Safe Drivers He/she has a friendly attitude toward the others, and has a positive attitude toward the moral norms. He/she doesn’t feel rage against other drivers or obstacles. He/she thinks accidents are mostly due to factors under his/her control, and that a careful driver could avoid them. He/she has a positive attitude toward the traffic code. He/she is aware of the negative effects of alcohol on general human behaviour.
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Risky Drivers He/she has an egocentric attitude, shows moral disengagement, and looks for excitement and strong sensations. He/she feels rage against other drivers and obstacles. He/she thinks accidents are mostly due to factors not under his/her control. He/she has a negative attitude toward the traffic code (sometimes thinks that violations are useful to make traffic going). He/she considers alcohol as having positive effects on the general human behaviour.
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Speedy Drivers He/she has a friendly attitude toward the others, and has a positive attitude toward the moral norms. He/she doesn’t feel rage against other drivers or obstacles. He/she thinks accidents are mostly due to factors under his/her control. He/she is especially tolerant toward speeding. He/she is aware of the negative effects of alcohol on general human behaviour.
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Non drivers The same groups of safe and risky “ potential drivers ” But a specific group exists in all the Countries composed of individuals who do not recognize that alcohol and drugs have negative effects on human behaviour (and driving).
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Preliminary results
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety SLOVENIA
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.08, F 44,742 =43.7, p<.0001 CAR DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (57% males) Mean age = 19.0 years (s.d. 1.0)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.08, F 22,408 =47.6, p<.0001 SCOOTER DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (75% males) Mean age = 17.5 years (s.d. 0.9)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.23, F 24,580 =25.9, p<.0001 NON DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (57% males) Mean age = 18.0 years (s.d. 0.7)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety AUSTRIA
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.08, F 40,374 =23.3, p<.0001 CAR DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (49% males) Mean age = 19.8 years (s.d. 7.6)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety * * * *
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.08, F 22,408 =47.6, p<.0001 SCOOTER DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (72% males) Mean age = 17.3 years (s.d. 4.3)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.16, F 24,476 =30.1, p<.0001 NON DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (53% males) Mean age = 17.7 years (s.d. 5.7)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety BULGARIA
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.14, F 36,1318 =61.7, p<.0001 CAR DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (91% males) Mean age = 19.1 years (s.d. 3.1)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety * * ** *
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.04, F 32,242 =29.7, p<.0001 SCOOTER DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (87% males) Mean age = 18.3 years (s.d. 0.9)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety *
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.15, F 24,3106 =209.6, p<.0001 NON DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (82% males) Mean age = 18.5 years (s.d. 1.7)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety *
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety CYPRUS
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.12, F 28,174 =11.4, p<.0001 CAR DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (54% males) Mean age = 22.8 years (s.d. 3.6)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety * *
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety SCOOTER DRIVERS SECTION 2 No enough respondents
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.11, F 24,152 =12.9, p<.0001 NON DRIVERS SECTION 3 90 Respondents (47% males) Mean age = 18.0 years (s.d. 0.4)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety IRELAND
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.08, F 46,250 =13.9, p<.0001 CAR DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (56% males) Mean age = 21.5 years (s.d. 12.2)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety * * * *
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety SCOOTER DRIVERS SECTION 2 No enough respondents
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.20, F 24,672 =32.2, p<.0001 NON DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (60% males) Mean age = 19.9 years (s.d. 12.0)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ITALY
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.13, F 44,844 =33.3, p<.0001) CAR DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (57% males) Mean age = 19.5 years (s.d. 1.1)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety * *
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.9, F 48,520 =24.8, p<.0001 SCOOTER DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (69% males) Mean age = 17.4 years (s.d. 1.3)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety * * * * * * *
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.21, F 24,676 =32.6, p<.0001 NON DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (42% males) Mean age = 17.2 years (s.d. 1.5)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety LATVIA
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.09, F 40,164 =9.5, p<.0001 CAR DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (62% males) Mean age = 18.4 years (s.d. 1.1)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety SCOOTER DRIVERS SECTION 2 No enough respondents
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.19, F 24,1550 =81.4, p<.0001 NON DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (42% males) Mean age = 17.5 years (s.d. 1.3)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety LITHUANIA
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.08, F 44,742 =43.7, p<.0001 CAR DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (48% males) Mean age = 20.7 years (s.d. 2.0)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.08, F 22,408 =47.6, p<.0001 SCOOTER DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (67% males) Mean age = 19.3 years (s.d. 2.0)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.21, F 24,422 =20.8, p<.0001 NON DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (36% males) Mean age = 19.8 years (s.d. 2.0)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety POLAND
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.12, F 42,1062 =46.4, p<.0001 CAR DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (60% males) Mean age = 20.9 years (s.d. 2.0)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety * * * * * *
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.07, F 36,238 =18.1, p<.0001 SCOOTER DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (67% males) Mean age = 20.9 years (s.d. 3.7)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety * * * *
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Wilks’ Lambda=0.21, F 24,404 =19.9, p<.0001 NON DRIVERS SECTION Respondents (53% males) Mean age = 21.9 years (s.d. 1.4)
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety
ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety ICARUS Project Inter-Cultural Approaches for Road Users Safety Thanks for your attention!