Agenda Do Now “The Union Takes Hold” Notes Crash Course: Reconstruction Video Homework: Ch. 4 Vocabulary Quiz on Friday Read Chapter 4 Section 4 “Reconstruction and Its Effects” (pgs. 184 – 189) and Outline the section

DO NOW: Do you think the United States should have a system of conscription or a draft for dire circumstances? Why or why not?

The Union Takes Hold September 29, 2014 Ms. Costas

Emancipation Proclamation Confederacy struggles to gain foreign recognition Lincoln does not feel he has Constitutional power to abolish slavery He finds a way to use his powers to abolish slavery Orders the Union army to take Confederate supplies Orders Union army to emancipate slaves Used as a weapon of war Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863 Now gives the war a moral purpose Recognizes negotiation is no longer possible

from THE EMANCIPATION PROCLIMATION - Abraham Lincoln “I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within these said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be free; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons. And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defense; and I recommend to them, that in all cases, when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages. And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service. And, upon this, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God.”

America During Wartime Large numbers of casualties led to conscription Caused draft riots and violence African-Americans could fight in the Union army Made up 10% vs. 1% of the population Suffered discrimination War was not glamorous Poor conditions, unhealthy diet, improper medical care Women’s roles increase Economy is impacted Expands northern economy Shatters southern economy Leads to first collection of income tax

The Battle of Gettysburg Lee’s army pushed north into Pennsylvania Needed supplies Began on July 1, 1863 Lee led Confederates (75,000) Buford led Union (90,000) Lee hopes to gain recognition from foreign powers Union holds off Confederacy Lee retreats to Virginia Confederate defeat changes the tide of the war

THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS – Abraham Lincoln “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty and dedication to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives and that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in larger sense, we can not dedicate – we can not consecrate – we can not hallow – this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us – that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion – that we were highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain – that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Battle of Vicksburg Important territory Union led by Ulysses S. Grant Allowed Confederates to control water traffic on the Mississippi Union led by Ulysses S. Grant He had been trying to take Vicksburg for months In 18 days the Union had sacked the capital Confederacy was short on resources Surrendered on July 4th

The Confederacy Wears Down Confederacy is short on supplies and manpower Lincoln appoints has two able generals Ulysses S. Grant William T. Sherman Belief in total war Sherman’s march through Georgia Goal was to convince southerners to demand surrender Lincoln reelected in 1864 Confederates surrender at Appomattox Court House Grant and Lee come to an agreement Lincoln allows for fair treatment of the Confederate troops

The War’s Impact on the Nation War has tremendous political, economic, technological, and social affects Transforms power of the government Gives federal government more power to pass laws and collect taxes Widens the economic gap between north and south Northern economy booms (industrial) Southern economy crashes (agricultural) Many technological improvements Weaponry Rifle and Minie ball Hand grenades and land mines Ironclad ships Railroads Telegraph

Weaponry

Ironclad Ships

Railroads

Telegraph

The War’s Impact on Society Emancipation Proclamation Frees slaves in the Confederacy What to do about border states Lincoln passes Thirteenth Amendment “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States” Lincoln is assassinated Shot on April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theater John Wilkes Booth

Where the Nation Stands… War is over Slavery abolished Secession no longer a threat Two major problems How to restore southern states Physically a mess Economy destroyed How to integrate 4 million African Americans Rights protected under the Constitution Jobs?