 Service Hour: 10 this semester ◦ 3-court observation ◦ 3-public meeting ◦ 4-Miscellaneous.  Must not be for a “for profit” business. ◦ Due Friday, May 24 th  Read Chapter 15

The Cabinet and the Agencies

BBureaucracy - is the organization of government administrators that carry out legislation. TTwo types: ◦A◦Agencies ◦D◦Departments FFeatures of bureaucracy 1.Hierarchical Authority 2.Job Specialization bbureaucrats 3.Formalized Rules

 4 million employees; 2.8 million are civilians or “civil servants”  President only appoints 3% (patronage or political appointments)  15 cabinet level departments  200+ independent agencies with 2,000+ bureaus, divisions, branches, etc.  Largest?  Dept. of Defense, U.S. Postal Service, Veterans Administration

EEach Cabinet may have many sub units EEach department is broken down into many smaller areas SSome of these areas may have major roles under the dept. ◦F◦For example: The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is apart of the Dept. of Transportation

TThere over 150 independent federal agencies, boards, and commissions ◦T◦They are not part of any Cabinet department NNASA EEPA FFEC MMany were created to make rules for large industries ◦F◦FCC - Others were created to help aid the President - CIA

FFederal Corporations such as the USPS and the FDIC are businesses that are run by the Federal Government ◦T◦The profits from these corporations remain within the business ◦T◦They are also funded by Congress AAs the country changes many agencies must be deregulated or reduced because of lack of funding or no longer useful.

 Government owned businesses created by Congress  May or may not be profitable, but serve a public need  Examples: U.S. Postal Service, Amtrak, Tennessee Valley Authority, Corporation for Public Broadcasting

The President can : appoint & remove agency heads reorganize the bureaucracy issue executive orders reduce an agency's budget Congress can:  create or abolish agencies & departments  cut or reduce funding  investigate agency activities  hold committee hearings  pass legislation that alters an agency's functions  influence or even fail to confirm presidential appointments

TThere are two ways to get a Civil Service job ◦1◦1. Appointed by the President – 2,200 Jobs ◦2◦2. You must go through the Civil Service System CCivil Service System - Government employment based on open, competitive tests, and merit ◦S◦Started under the Pendleton Act ◦E◦Ended the Spoils System ◦H◦Hatch Act of 1939 limited political activity of bureaucrats CCame about after President James Garfield was assassinated by a disgruntled Charles J. Guiteau HHe was not appointed to a government job

TThe medical and financial benefits for being a civil worker are attractive. TThe turn over rate is less than 1% RRun by Office of Personal Management ◦T◦The governments hiring agency PProvides personal background info to government employers