The Civil War The Great Divide State’s Rights vs. Federal Government Industrial NE vs. Agricultural South Slavery and Slave Culture Patches Constitution Compromise of 1820 “Missouri Compromise”

The Civil War Compromise of 1850 Senator Henry Clay CA enters as free state Utah & New Mexico Territories open to slavery Outlawed slave trade in Washington D.C. Includes passage of Fugitive Slave Act

The Civil War Republican Party Founded 1854 Ripon, Wisconsin Stop westward spread of slavery Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 Popular Sovereignty – States could vote on slavery issue Eliminates Missouri Compr.

The Civil War “Bleeding Kansas” Pro-Slavery and Anti- Slavery Voters Two Legislatures Guerrilla Warfare 200 Killed John Brown Kills 5 Slavery Proponents Popular Sovereignty?

The Civil War Dred Scott Decision 1857 Slave whose owner moved to Minnesota Is a slave still a slave in a free state? Chief Justice Taney Slaves are property Missouri Compromise Unconstitutional Implications?

The Civil War Tensions Rise John Brown Raid on Harper’s Ferry Arsenal, Virginia in 1859 Plan to liberate slaves Brown captured and hanged Abolitionist Hero Southern Terrorist John Brown’s Body

The Civil War Election of 1860 Southern Fears/Threats Lincoln – Republican Breckinridge – S. Democ. Douglas – Democrat Bell – Constit. Union Lincoln 180 Elec. Votes Southern Response SC Secedes Dec. 20, 1860

Election of 1860

The Confederate States February 1861 South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas Hope for Northern Support Jefferson Davis Military Background President

America During Civil War

The Failure of Compromise Crittendon Plan Extend Missouri Comp. line to Pacific Lincoln Rejects Won’t end secession Against Republican ideals Lack of Action Buchanan indecisive “Let them go”

The Civil War War Begins: April 12, 1861 – Fort Sumter Northern Advantages More Soldiers More Factories More Money More Railways Southern Advantages Cause Home Soil Military Leaders

Resources: 1861

The Civil War: Preserve Union Anaconda Plan Naval Blockade of South Gain control of Mississippi – Divide South Capture Richmond South War of Attrition Offensive Defense Test North’s Will Foreign Assistance “King Cotton”

Mobilizing the Home Fronts 1862 Conscription Begins Union Finance: taxes, bonds, paper money Industry supplies armies Confederacy Govern. Arsenals supply Runaway inflation Poor transportation system

The Civil War Perceptions v. Total War First Battle of “Bull Run” July Miles south of D.C. Manassas Attitude toward war Short war Romantic view of war Confederate victory “Stonewall” Jackson

The Civil War Spring of 1862 General McClellan General Lee Union to Virginia June 26, 1862 Seven Days Battle Union Retreats Gen. Pope to Richmond 2 nd Battle of Bull Run Pope’s defeat

The Civil War War in the West Ulysses S. Grant Shiloh – Tennessee Seizing the Mississippi David Farragut New Orleans General Grant Vicksburg July 4, 1863 Confederacy Divided

Early Campaigns and Battles Union by 1862 Total naval supremacy Confederates cleared from: West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee New Orleans captured Confederates by 1862 Stalled Union control of Mississippi at Shiloh Defend Richmond

The Civil War Battle of Antietam Sept. 17, 1862 Antietam Creek Bloodiest single day of battle in U.S. 23,000 Casualties Union Victory McClellan’s Failure McClellan relieved of command

The Civil War Emancipation Proclamation The issue of slavery - Timing Free slave in non-occupied area that were in rebellion January 1, 1863 Blacks and the War 180,000 serve in Union Army Lincoln pushes further Govern. to abolish slavery Maryland, Missouri abolish slavery

War-Weariness May, 1863 NY conscription riots Union defeat at Chancellorsville Democrats attack Lincoln “Copperheads” July, 1863 Gettysburg Vicksburg

The Civil War Battle of Gettysburg Lee’s purpose Destroy Union Army Attack Washington D.C. Mead’s Response Occupies heights around Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Pickett’s Charge Army of Virginia Decimated Gettysburg Address

The Civil War: General Sherman 1864 March through South Capture of Atlanta Turn North Lincoln re-elected 1864 General Grant April, 1865 Fall of Richmond Surrender April 9, 1865 Appomattox Courthouse Winning the Peace

Effects of the War 618,000 Troops Dead 4,000,000 African Americans Free Not Equal Lack of skills Industrial Workers face wartime inflation Nation united Hostility Prejudice