RECONSTRUCTION

10% Plan vs. Wade Davis The Big Ideas: Differences in opinion Healing vs. Punishment Neither was enacted

The Politics Democrats (dominant in the South) Republicans (party of Lincoln) Radical Republicans – In favor of punishing the South – Wanted to keep majority in Congress

Andrew Johnson Lincoln’s Vice-President From Tennessee, originally a Democrat Stayed loyal to the Union at the start of the war

Johnson’s Plan Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery and forced labor To return to the Union, Southern states had to: Broad amnesty (pardon) to most Confederates Abolish slavery and ratify the 13 th Amendment They could elect representatives to Congress and organize new governments – no limits on Confederate soldiers or leaders

The Reaction Radical Republicans were angry at Johnson and refused to allow Southern representatives into Congress They began to make their own Reconstruction plans Southern states made up black codes – laws that restricted voting rights of freedmen

RADICAL REPUBLICANS Politically, a Radical is somebody who believes in extreme views or views that are very simple and fundamental. The Radical Republicans after the Civil War believed that the South must be treated strictly and harshly and should have few freedoms.

The Radical Republican Platform: Get rid of Southern state governments States write a new Constitution Ratify the 13 th and 14 th Amendments Allow African American men to vote Impose military rule

The Good... More public schools Fairer voting rules Election of African-American politicians Property rights for women Rebuilt Southern infrastructure (bridges, roads, etc.)

The Bad... Widespread corruption – people used government power and money for their own good People took advantage of new voters to create greater political power Carpetbaggers & Scalawags Rise of hate groups like the Ku Klux Klan

The clash between radicals and moderates led to: The ‘impeachment’ of President Johnson The election of Ulysses S. Grant in 1868 The 15 th Amendment

Amendments 13 th – abolished slavery and forced labor 14 th – defined citizenship and made it illegal for states to deny civil rights to any citizen 15 th – barred states from denying voting rights to African American males aged 21 or older