Section II Artificial Insemination Technique

Deposit semen at the right place 90% lost due to retrograde flow (Mitchell et al. 1985)

Can horn breeding reduce retrograde loss and help to improve fertility???

Horn vs. body deposition Positive effectNo effectNegative effect Zavos et al., 1985 Lopez-Gatius and Camon-Urgel, 1988 Senger et al., 1988 Seidel et al., 1999 (1/5) Pursley et al., 2004 Drisken et al., 2004 Elliott, 1944 Brandt et al., 1946 Knight et al., 1951 Salisbury and VanDemark, 1951 Olds et al., 1953 Macpherson, 1968 Williams et al., 1988 Momont et al., 1989 McKenna et al., 1990 Lang-Ree, 1992 Grieger et al., 1998 Seidel et al., 1999 (4/5) Kurykin et al., 2003 Andersson et al., 2004 Verberckmoes et al, 2004 Drisken et al., 2004 Graves et al., 1991 (P < 0.10)

Effects of horn breeding (bilateral) with low cell number doses (1 - 3 x 10 6 ) of sexed semen on AI conception rate (Adapted from Seidel et al., 1999, Therio. 52:1407) * n =

Ipsilateral comparable to contralateral after deep unilateral semen deposition Hawk and Tanabe, 1986 Larsson, 1986 Pallares et al.,1986 Momont et al., 1989 López-Gatius, 1996 Seidel et al., 1997 Get semen through cervix!!!

Summary Be gentle – don’t use too much force Two step process Get gun to the cervix Pass cervix over the gun Deposit semen in uterine body Take your time Relax

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