NOMENCLATURE. INTEREST APPROACH What does a bird, fish, rabbit, frog, spider and man have in common? What are different about them?

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Presentation transcript:

NOMENCLATURE

INTEREST APPROACH What does a bird, fish, rabbit, frog, spider and man have in common? What are different about them?

Nomenclature Definition – Giving and using of names. – Code for something of importance – Codes things we will want to remember and use again

Classification Grouping and arrangement of organisms into a hierarchical order Arrangement of organism resulting from classification procedures Important aspect of classifications is their predictive value

Challenges of classification Not simple Wide variety of living things Specimens are not easy to find

Aristotle Greek scientist who tried to classify living things Place all living things into two main groups – plants and animals – Plants are green and do not move – Animals are not green and do not move

More Modern Classification Scientists used Aristotle’s classificaiton for hundreds of years More and more things were discovered – Aristotle’s system became less helpful because more plants and animals were being found In the eighteenth century, a scientist names Linneaus reworked the system of classification

More Modern Classification First divided all living things into two main groups as Aristotle had. – called kingdoms A kingdom is the first and largest division of living things – plants make up one kingdom – animals make up the other

More Modern Classification Linnaeus continued to subdivide the kingdoms Called phylum – Size is not used in this grouping – Very specific traits based on appearance of certain parts are used

Phyla Plural of phylum Can be divided into smaller groups, called classes – Largest division of a phylum – Again divided into smaller groups

Seven Divisions in Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy The science of classification and the arrangement of plants and animals into groups based on their natural relationships

Five Kingdoms Animal Kingdom (Animalia) – Includes invertebrates and vertibrates Plant Kingdom (Plantae) Fungi Kingdom – Includes simple plants that lack chlorophyll Monera Kingdom – Bacteria and blue-green algae Protista Kingdom – Unicellular organisms with a true nucleus and chromosomes

Binomial Nomenclature Established by Linnaeus about 1758 Each species is given a “scientific name” consisting of two Latin words – The first (genus) is capitalized – The second (subdivision of genus) is not capitalized

Binominal Nomenclature (example) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Bovidae Genus: Bos Species: Bos taurus and Bos indicus