Bonding and Nomenclature

Term: _______________________ Define (in your own words): ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Draw:

covalent bond : the attraction of two atoms for a shared pair of electrons.

covalent bond: covalent bond: (define in your own words) Draw your picture: Understanding Level

ion : an atom or group of combined atoms that has a charge because of the loss or gain of electrons.

ion: ion: (define in your own words) Draw your picture: Understanding Level

ionic bond : the strong attractive force between ions of opposite charge – electrons are transferred. Usually occurs between a metal and a nonmetal.

ionic bond: ionic bond: (define in your own words) Draw your picture: Understanding Level

polyatomic ion : an ion that consists of two or more different elements.

polyatomic ion: polyatomic ion: (define in your own words) Draw your picture: Understanding Level

valence electron : an electron in the outermost shell of an atom.

valence electron: valence electron: (define in your own words) Draw your picture: Understanding Level

Demo Mg + HCl  MgCl 2 + H 2 Cl – Mg 2+ = MgCl 2 Cl –

.According to this information, what is the chemical formula for aluminum sulfate? (Apr'04 11th - 23) A.AlSO 4 B.Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 C.Al 3 (SO 4 ) 2 D.Al 6 SO 4 Al 3+ SO 4 2-

B

Calcium (Ca 2+ ) + Chloride (Cl - )  Calcium chloride The chemical formula for calcium chloride is _____. (Apr'04 11th - 38) A.Ca 2 Cl B.CaCl C.CaCl 2 D.Ca 2 Cl 3

C

Alpha particles are one type of radioactivity. These particles have a nucleus of two protons and two neutrons but have no orbital electrons. Based on this information, it can be inferred that alpha particles are positive ions of the element _____. (Apr'06 11th - 42) A.actinium B.curium C.radium D.helium

D

A certain atom has a nucleus containing six protons and eight neutrons and has six electrons orbiting the nucleus. This atom is a form of the element _____. (Apr'06 11th - 53) A.silicon B.carbon C.magnesium D.calcium

B

Silver bromide is a type of halide. Halogens or elements from group 17 in the periodic table are necessary to form halide compounds. Which of the following is the correct formula for silver bromide? (cloned) A.SiBr 4 B.Si 7 Br C.Ag 7 Br D.AgBr

D

According to the periodic table, which of these elements will form an ion with a –2 charge? (Jul'06 11th -34) A.S B.Mg C.F D.Rb

A

Calcium ions play an important role in the function of neurons in the brain. Elements that are chemically similar to calcium can interfere with the function of neurons. Which of the following is most likely to imitate calcium’s role in the function of neurons? (Oct'05 11th -24) A.Sodium B.Potassium C.Strontium D.Rubidium

C

. Ca 2+ CO 3 2- Limestone is a sedimentary rock consisting mostly of calcium carbonate. According to the information above, what is the correct formula for calcium carbonate? (cloned) A.Ca 2 (CO 3 ) 2 B.CaCO 3 C.Ca 3 CO 2 D.Ca 2 CO 3

B

.When ammonium nitrate is heated to a high temperature, it explosively breaks down into dinitrogen monoxide and water. What is the formula for dinitrogen monoxide? (cloned) A.NO B.N 2 O C.NO 2 D.N 2 O 5

B

According to the periodic table, which element most readily accepts electrons? (Spr'03 11th -23) A.Fluorine B.Nitrogen C.Arsenic D.Aluminum

A

. The bonding characteristics of oxygen are most similar to the bonding characteristics of _____. (Apr'06 11th -9 and Fall'05 11th -37) A.hydrogen B.silicon C.helium D.sulfur

D

Which of these elements is most likely to donate one electron? (Apr'06 11th - 38) A.Be B.Cs C.Rn D.He

B

.The model above shows how an unidentified element, X, forms covalent bonds with oxygen. In which group on the periodic table does Element X most likely belong? A.Group 6 B.Group 12 C.Group 14 D.Group 18

C

In which model of the periodic table does the shaded area show the location of elements that require the least energy to lose one electron? (Feb'06 11th - 21) AC B D

A

.The ionic compounds that result from combining Group 2 and Group 16 elements have a 1:1 ratio because _____. (Feb'06 11th -45) A.Group 2 elements are electrically neutral B.Group 2 elements have two valence electrons C.Group 2 elements contain neutrons in the nucleus D.Group 2 contains more elements than other groups

B