Naming Polyatomic Ions and Acids. Oxyanions Oxyanions- negative ions containing oxygen. These have the suffix “-ate” or “-ite” “-ate” means it has more.

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Presentation transcript:

Naming Polyatomic Ions and Acids

Oxyanions Oxyanions- negative ions containing oxygen. These have the suffix “-ate” or “-ite” “-ate” means it has more oxygen atoms bonded, “-ite” has less For example SO 4 2- sulfate SO 3 2- sulfite

Oxyanions Oxyanions may contain the prefix “hypo-”, less than, or “per-”, more than. For example ClO 4 - Perchlorate ClO 3 - Chlorate ClO 2 - Chlorite ClO - Hypochlorite

Acids Certain compounds produce H + ions in water, these are called acids. You can recognize them because the neutral compound starts with “H”. For example HCl, H 2 SO 4, and HNO 3. Don’t confuse a polyatomic ion with a neutral compound. HCO 3 - is hydrogen carbonate, not an acid.

Naming acids Does it contain oxygen? If it does not, it gets the prefix “hydro-” and the suffix “-ic acid” HCl Hydrochloric acid HF Hydrofluoric acid HCN Hydrocyanic acid

Naming Acids If it does contain an oxyanion, then replace the ending. If the ending was “–ate”, add “-ic acid” If the ending was “–ite”, add “-ous acid” H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 3 Sulfurous Acid

Examples HNO 3 HI H 3 AsO 4 HClO 2

Nomenclature (naming) of Covalent compounds

Determining the type of bond First, determine if you have an ionic compound or a covalent compound. A metal and a nonmetal will form an ionic bond. Compounds with Polyatomic ions form ionic bonds. Nonmetals bonding together or Nonmetals and a metalloid form covalent bonds.

Covalent bonding is very similar to ionic naming You always name the one that is least electronegative first (furthest from fluorine) Most electronegative last, and gets the suffix “-ide”.

Covalent bonding is very different from ionic naming Ionic names ignored the subscript because there was only one possible ratio of elements. Covalent gives several possibilities so we have to indicate how many of each atom is present in the name

Prefixes you have to know prefixmeaningprefixmeaning *mono-1hex-6 di-2hept-7 tri-3oct-8 tetr-4non-9 pent-5dec-10 * the first atom named does not get the prefix “mono-”, it just keeps its original name!

Examples CO carbon monoxide CO 2 carbon dioxide NI 3 nitrogen triiodide P 4 O 6 tetraphosphorus hexoxide

Continuing I 4 O 9 tetriodine nonoxide S 2 F 10 disulfur decafluoride IF 7 Iodine heptafluoride Si 2 Cl 6 disilicon hexachloride

Something to be wary of Many chemicals have “common names” because they have been in use for so long like H 2 O 2 following naming rules it is… dihydrogen dioxide commonly it is hydrogen peroxide.

Homework HW -go to and write a 2 paragraph reaction to the site citing actual information presented in the site. Not just an angry rant, but an intelligent opinion. Pay attention to what you just learned! Due by Friday