Ions

Ion An atom which is electrically charged because it lost or gained electrons Metals lose electrons  positively charged cations Examples: Lithium Lithium ion 3p+ 3p+ 3e- lose 1 e- 2e- 0 neutral atom 1+ cation

Ion Recognize by element name with “ion” “Metal ion” is the general form Roman numerals (charge) might be included Examples: Sodium ion for Na 1+ Copper II ion for Cu 2+ Zinc ion for Zn 2+

Ion An atom which is electrically charged because it lost or gained electrons Nonmetals gain electrons  negatively charged anions Examples: Oxygen Oxide ion 8p+ 8p+ 8e- gains 2 e- 10e- 0 neutral atom 2- anion

Ion Recognize by element name changed to end with –ide plus “ion” Examples: Fluoride ion for F 1- Sulfide ion for S 2- Phosphide ion for P 3-

Predicting Ion Charge Group 1Group 2 Groups 3-12 Group 13Group varies3+2+ or 4+ Metals in group 1 lose 1 electron and have 1+ charge! Metals in group 2 lose 2 electrons and have 2+ charge! For example: Cesium makes the Cs 1+ ion For example: Calcium makes the Ca 2+ ion

Predicting Ion Charge Group 1Group 2 Groups 3-12 Group 13Group varies3+2+ or 4+ Metals in groups 3-12 may have more than one possible charge and need a Roman numeral to indicate which charge to use… For example: Iron III is Fe 3+ Iron II is Fe 2+

Predicting Ion Charge Group 1Group 2 Groups 3-12 Group 13Group varies3+2+ or 4+ Memorize six special metals which do not need a Roman numeral when using their typical charge… Al 3+ Zn 2+ Ga 3+ Ag 1+ Cd 2+ Au 1+

Predicting Ion Charge Group 1Group 2 Groups 3-12 Group 13Group varies3+2+ or 4+ Tin II is Sn 2+ Lead II is Pb 2+ Tin and Lead in group 14 have two possible charges and need Roman numerals… Tin IV is Sn 4+ Lead IV is Pb 4+

Predicting Ion Charge Elements Elements What about those two long rows of elements at the bottom of the Periodic table? Assume each element at the bottom is a 3+ ion!

Predicting Ion Charge Group 15Group 16Group 17Group Nonmetals in groups 15, 16, and17 gain 1, 2, or 3 electrons and have 1-, 2-, or 3 – charge! Noble gases in group 18 have stable amount of electrons and do not lose or gain any !

Your Turn Again Name the ions… 1. K Fe Sr Ni 1+ Hint: groups 1 and 2 metals do not use Roman numerals...

Your Turn Again Write the formulas: 1. Manganese IV ion 2. Iron III ion 3. Calcium ion Hint: the Roman numerals indicate charge

Your Turn Again Name the ions… 1. Cl P S F 1- Hint: change ending to -ide

Your Turn Again Write the formulas: 1. Bromide ion 2. Nitride ion 3. Selenide ion Hint: find each ion’s group on periodic table