Taxonomy Diversity of Life Animal Kingdom

? Questions about Kingdoms ? 1.What are the kingdoms of life? 2.Which kingdom(s) is/are single celled? 3.Which kingdom(s) is/are multicellular? 4.Which kingdom(s) make their own food? 5.Which kingdom(s) live off of dead organisms? 6.Which kingdoms must ingest their food? 7.What characteristics can you think of that an organism in the animal kingdom would possess or be able to do that other kingdoms may not?

? Questions about Kingdoms ? 1. What are the kingdoms of life? (Page 499) Animal Plant Fungus Protist Archaebacteria Eubacteria

? Questions about Kingdoms ? 2. Which kingdom(s) is/are single celled? Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Some protists

? Questions about Kingdoms ? 3. Which kingdom(s) is/are multicellular? Animal Plant Fungus Most protists

? Questions about Kingdoms ? 4. Which kingdom(s) make their own food? Plants Some protists Some eubacteria

? Questions about Kingdoms ? 5. Which kingdom(s) live off of dead organisms? Archaebacteria Eubacteria Animal Fungus

? Questions about Kingdoms ? 6. Which kingdoms must ingest their food? Animal Some protists Fungus Eubacteria Archaebacteria

? Questions about Kingdoms ? 7. What characteristics can you think of that an organism in the animal kingdom would possess or be able to do that other kingdoms may not?

Taxonomy Study of classifying things Why? – Organization – Identification – Show relationship between organisms Linnaeus ( ) – Father of nomenclature

Classification Hierarchy (page 475) 1.Kingdom 2.Phylum 3.Class 4.Order 5.Family 6.Genus 7.Species

Binomial nomenclature How to name an organism in the animal kingdom Example: – Homo sapien (genus) (species) -generic -specific 1.Species lower case, genus capital first letter 2.Always written in italics or underlined individually 3.Nomenclature is derived from Latin

Animal Kingdom Chapter 32 (pg ) Characteristics 1.Vertebrate or Invertebrate 2.Multicellular 3.Heterotrophic 4.Lack cell wall 5.Sexual reproduction (sperm and egg) 6.Unique tissue type for movement a. Nervous b. Muscle 7. Embryo Development—differentiation of cells (pg )

What is an animal (cont’d) 8. Symmetry—arrangement of body parts around a central point a. Asymmetry-no definite symmetry b. Radial symmetry-divided in to halves by any plane that passes through its longitudinal axis Example: starfish, jellyfish

What is an animal (cont’d) c. Bilateral symmetry-divided into halves; left and right are mirror images of each other Example: human Dorsal-topAnterior-head Ventral-bottomPosterior-tail

Symmetry

What is an animal (cont’d) 9. Cephalization (associated with bilateral symmetry) -evolutionary trend whereby nervous tissue becomes concentrated toward one end of an organism -a head with a sensory organ associated with bilateral symmetry (humans)

What is an animal (cont’d) 10. Embryo Development (bilaterals) -embryo becomes layered during development called germ layers that form concentric layers of various tissues and organs 1. Ectoderm-covering of embryo-becomes skin 2. Endoderm-innermost-becomes digestive 3. Mesoderm-middle-forms muscle and other linings

What is an animal (cont’d) 11. Coelum (found in coelomates) (pg. 593) -fluid filled body cavity lined with mesoderm -suspend the internal organs -functions to cushion organs, prevent internal injury, enabled organs to grow and move

Phylums of Animal Kingdom 1.Porifera: (sponges) -hollow tube -no brain -radial or asymmetry -takes in food via water through pores

Phylums of Animal Kingdom 2. Cnidaria (sea anemone, coral, jellyfish) -marine environment -radial symmetry -single body cavity -reproduce sexually

Phylums of Animal Kingdom 3. Platyhelminthes (tapeworm, planarian, fluke) -bilateral symmetry -unsegmented -no body cavity -no respiratory/circulatory organs -flat shape -parasitic groups

Phylums of Animal Kingdoms 4. Annelida (earthworm, leeches) -segmented -has digestive system -simple brain -5 hearts -takes in oxygen through skin -has both sperm/egg in body -bilateral symmetry

Phylums of Animal Kingdom 5. Arthropoda (insects, crustaceans) -jointed limbs -made of chitin -hard outer covering -segmented body -lay eggs

Phylums of Animal Kingdom 6. Echinodermata (sand dollar, sea star, sea urchin) -marine animal -radial symmetry -no external skeleton -skin of mesoderm covers endoskeleton -digestive tube (mouth to anus)

Phylums of Animal Kingdom 7. Chordata (vertebrates) -skeleton -ingest food by mouth -brain and nervous system -warm or cold blooded -lungs or gills -sexual reproduction -bilateral symmetry

Chordata Classes of the phylum (page 599) 1.Agnatha (jawless fish) 2.Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) 3.Osteichthyes (bony fish) 4.Amphibians 5.Reptiles 6.Birds 7.Mammals

Do you know the phylum? lobster

Arthropoda

Do you know the phylum? earthworm

Annelida

Do you know the phylum? tapeworm

Platyhelminthes

Do you know the phylum? spider

Arthropoda

Do you know the phylum? Sea anemone

Cnidaria

Do you know the phylum? Purple sea urchin

Echinodermata

Do you know the phylum? Marine flatworm

Platyhelminthes

Do you know the phylum? elephants

Chordata

Do you know the phylum? snake

Chordata

Do you know the phylum? sponge

Porifera

Do you know the phylum? jellyfish

Cnidaria