OSTP Presentation to the AAAC Michael Salamon and Rob Dimeo NSF HQ, Washington, DC October 12, 2005

OSTP Presentation to the AAAC OSTP Primer What are the interagency science priorities? The science of science policy FY 2006 budget status OSTP activities in near future

OSTP Primer Established by Congress in 1976 to advise the President and others on the effects of science and technology on domestic and international affairs. Serves as a source of scientific and technological analysis and judgment for the President on major Federal policies, plans, and programs. Leads interagency efforts to develop and implement sound policies and budgets. Builds partnerships among Federal, State, and local governments, other countries, and the scientific community. Evaluates the scale, quality, and effectiveness of the Federal effort in science and technology. In concert with the OMB, issues “Administration Research and Development Budget Priorities.” Provides advice to the OMB during budget formulation process. Director co-chairs the PCAST, the Presidential Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. Director convenes meetings of the NSTC, the National Science and Technology Council (which, e.g., issues Charters for IWGs).

OSTP Organization Chart

Science Priorities from the July, 2005 Memorandum of John H. Marburger III & Joshua B. Bolten, “FY 2007 Administration R&D Budget Priorities” Memo provides general guidance for setting priorities among R&D programs and interagency R&D efforts. The priorities are produced in consultation with PCAST and collaboration within the interagency NSTC. General guidance: “The combination of finite resources and a multitude of new research opportunities requires careful attention to funding priorities…Agencies may propose new, high-priority activities, but these requests should identify potential offsets by elimination or reductions in less effective or lower priority programs…” Identified interagency priorities: –Homeland Security R&D –High-End Computing and Networking R&D –National Nanotechnology Initiative –Priorities in the Physical Sciences: “Examples of well coordinated, interagency investments in the discovery-oriented sciences are described in the IWG report…The Physics of the Universe” –Understanding Complex Biological Systems –Energy and Environment (incl. Hydrogen Fuel Initiative, global Earch observations, climate)

FY 2005 Proposed Budget ($2.4 Trillion OL) R&D = 14% of discretionary spending Non-Def. 16% Other Mandatory 13% Social Security 23% Net Interest 10% Defense 14% Defense R&D 2% Medicare 12% Medicaid 7% Non-Def. R&D 3% Mandatory Spending Discretionary Spending

From presentation by J. Marburger at 30 th Annual AAAS Forum on Science and Technology Policy, April 2005 President’s FY 2006 Budget increases total R&D to $132.3 B (45% greater than FY 2001) R&D represents 13.6% of total discretionary outlays Non-defense R&D accounts for 5.6% of total discretionary outlays (3-decade average is 5%)

R&D as a Share of Discretionary Spending It’s approximately constant over the last 30 years! 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% R&D/ Discretionary, CivilianCivilian R&D share, excluding Apollo R&D/ Discretionary, TotalTotal R&D share, excluding Apollo The ratio of non-defense science to the non-defense discretionary budget is remarkably stable at ~11% over decades. This has even led to scholars questioning the need for science policy altogether!

The Social Science of Science Policy (from April 21, 2005 presentation by J. Marburger to the AAAS 30 th Annual Forum on Science and Technology Policy) “I am confident about America’s near-term future in science and technology, but I share the concerns of many about the longer term. I do not fear so much that our current budgets are too small, or that our facilities are inadequate, or that our policies guiding federal research are too restrictive. But I worry constantly that our tools for making wise decisions…are not yet sharp enough to manage the complexity of our evolving relationship with the awakening globe. I want to base advocacy on the best science we can muster to map our future in the world.” “I am suggesting that the nascent field of the social science of science policy needs to grow up, and quickly, to provide a basis for understanding the enormously complex dynamic of today’s global, technology-based society. We need models that can give us insight into the likely futures of the technical workforce and its response to different possible stimuli…the impact of globalization on technical work…of yet further revolutions in information technology…” “My perception of the field of science policy is that it is to a great extent a branch of economics, and its effective practice requires the kind of quantitative tools economic policy makers have available, including a rich variety of econometric models…”

Current Status of FY 2006 Budget President’s FY 2006 Budget House FY 2006 Mark Senate FY 2006 Mark DOE/SC3.463 B3.666 B3.703 B NSF5.605 B5.643 B5.531 B NASA Science, Aero, Exploration B9.726 B9.761 B (DOE budget comes under Energy and Water Development Appropriations Subcommittee) (NSF, NASA budgets come under Commerce, Justice and Science Appropriations Subcommittee) Now operating under a Continuing Resolution. House Appropriations Committee Chair, Rep. Jerry Lewis (R-CA) has suggested the possibility of having a year-long continuing resolution rather than a large omnibus bill (should individual bills not be passed). Effect of Katrina costs (order of $10 11 ) on above budgets not yet known, but will most probably have significant impact. FY 2006 is going to be a hard year. And FY 2007 may be harder.

Near-Future AAAC-Related Activities by the OSTP Assist the OMB in its current budget formulation process. Renewal of the charter of the Physics of the Universe Interagency Working Group (IWG) by the NSTC. Develop interagency plans in response to the reports of the Dark Energy Task Force and the Task Force for CMB Research. Eagerly await the recommendations of the NSF Senior Review! Policy on private/public partnerships in astronomy facilities. Welcome input from the AAAC and the A&A community on issues where the OSTP can play a helpful role.

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