Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians 7th Edition By: Dennis M. Mccurnin Joanna M. Bassert

Learning Objectives  Discuss indications for restraint of animals and behaviors exhibited by aggressive animals  Explain the physiological principles that affect animal perceptions and methods of restraint in small and large animals  Describe the proper procedures for carrying and lifting large dogs, small dogs, and cats  List and describe types of muzzles and mouth gags that are used on dogs and cats, and explain proper procedures for their use  Discuss indications for use of chemical restraint in animal patients

Restraint ….an important element to performing many veterinary procedures

What is restraint?  Restraint is restricting a patient’s activity by verbal, physical or pharmacological means so that the patient is prevented from hurting itself or others.  Safety –Staff –Client –Animal  Legalities –Liability for injury

Factors For Developing a plan of restraint? Environmental? Other animals Equipment Behavior? smell, hearing, vision, touch You? Staff? What is the procedure being performed?

Behavior/Perception  Olfaction –Well developed –Rabbits and cats 14 x greater Feliway DAP-  Hearing –Movable pinnae to focus on source –Low, smooth, confident tones promotes comfort –Excellent clue to attitude of the animal

Behavior/ Perception  Vision –Tapetum (layer behind lens that allows better vision at night) Pigs do not have –Herbivorous What is their field of vision? –Carnivorous What is their field of vision?

Behavior/ Perception  Touch –Way of communication –Learned skill –Read you animal –Repeated pats vs. steady firm strokes –Watch behavior in natural setting

Behavior  Fight or flight  Pain induced Aggression  Maternal Aggression  Predatory Aggression  Territorial Aggression  Fear- Induced Aggression  Intermale Aggression  Dominance Aggression  t.aspx?id=11421&pid=49&catid=&said=1www.vin.com/MEMBERS/CMS/Misc/VSPN/Defaul t.aspx?id=11421&pid=49&catid

What is this behavior?

Categories of Restraint  aint/index.aspx aint/index.aspx  Verbal  Physical/Manual  Chemical/Pharmacological

Categories of Restraint  Verbal –Least severe form of restraint –Use when approaching patient –Especially good for blind or those patients not looking at you, prevents startling. –What are some examples?

Categories of Restraint  Physical/Manual –Standing, sitting, sternal, dorsal, or lateral recumbency –Tools/Techniques: Muzzle, e-collar, towel, gloves, scruffing, squeeze cage, snare (rabies pole), cat bag Chute, hobble, chain shank, skin twitch, rope/chain twitch, halter

Lateral Recumbency

Sternal Recumbency

Sitting Recumbency

Standing Recumbency

Categories of Restraint  Chemical/Pharmacological –Anesthetic agents –Examples include Ketamine and/or Valium Acepromazine Domitor and Antisedan Butorphanol

Purposes of Restraint  Protect patient from injuring itself or others  Facilitate exams or procedures

Complications/Challenges of Restraining Patients  Size of patient  Behavior issues  Dyspnea  Hyperthermia  Tissue trauma

Restraint  Remember- use the least amount of restraint necessary to keep everyone safe, and still accomplish the medical goals.  Be ready to increase the amount of restraint being used to whatever level is needed, if the animal becomes more reactive. lTips.pdf

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