Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech noun verb pro. adj. adv. prep. interj. conj.

Kinds of Sentences declarative - makes a statement and ends with a period. Example: The house will be built on a hill. interrogative - asks a question and ends with a question mark. Example: How did you find the card? exclamatory - shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation mark. Example: The monster is attacking! imperative - gives a command. Example: Cheryl, try the other door. sometimes the subject of an imperative sentence (you) is understood. Example: Look in the closet. (You, look in the closet.)

The Clause S subject P predicate (verb) dependent independent

The Dependent/Subordinate Clause Dependent or subordinate clauses are introduced with subordinating conjunctions: after even though than while although if that whether as in order that though as if rather than unless because since until before so that when

The Phrase Groups of words that do not contain both a subject and a verb. Collectively, the words in the phrases function as a single part of speech. prepositional - preposition + object and modifiers; act as adjectives or adverbs infinitive - “to” + verb; act as adjectives, adverbs or nouns appositive - renames, or identifies, a noun or pronoun participial - past or present verb form + modifiers; acts as an adjective gerund - an “-ing” verb form + its complements and modifiers; acts as a noun absolute - a noun or pronoun followed by a participle

Clauses and Punctuation A dependent clause that appears at the beginning of a sentence must be separated from the independent clause in the sentence by a comma. D,I After it snowed, the earth appeared serene and magical.   When two independent clauses are joined together in one sentence without a coordinating conjunction, they must be separated by a semicolon.  I;I The monkey climbed; he liked the tall tree. When two independent clauses are joined into one sentence by a coordinating conjunction such as “for,” “and,” “nor,” “but,” “or,” “yet,” or “so,” the writer must place a comma before the coordinating conjunction. I,ccI Jessica loves John, and John loves Jenny.

D, I I D complex I, cc I I;I compound

You must have agreement or your sentence is dead. D.O. I.O. subject predicate S.C. The flower are here.

The artist went to the store; they needed paint. You must also have pronoun antecedent agreement, or your sentence is dead. antecedent pronoun The artist went to the store; they needed paint.

The Logic of Sentence Analysis A.V. D.O. I.O. subject L.V. S.C. Find the subject/predicate set. Is the verb ACTION or LINKING? If the verb is action, then Do not look for a subject complement. Look for a direct object. If you find a direct object, then Look for an indirect object. If the verb is linking, then Do not look for a direct object. Look for a subject complement.

one independent clause, simple sentence Four-Level Sentence Analysis The modesty of the demand shook me. Parts of Speech: adj. noun. prep. adj. noun. v. pro. direct object Parts of Sentence: subject pred. Phrases: --- prepositional phrase--- Clauses: one independent clause, simple sentence

diffidence, placid, adhere, quietus, miscreant, quixotic, reproof, condescend, somber, enigma, phlegmatic, undulate, sublime, resolute, strident, din, amicable, amorous, raconteur, profound, dejection, placid, amiably, tedious, mea culpa, perplex, impede, interpose, incisive, impassive, admonish, aperture, avidly, perfidious, miasma, abject, portal, fain, sanguinary, retort, blithe, imperiously, hauteur, patronize, aloof, boon, cypher, wince, defray, genial, cadaverous, artifice, remonstrate, nether, upbraid, solicitous, proffer, conveyance, mauve, hitherto, succulent, ardent, tremulous, recriminate, assail, virulent, insinuate Peter Pan By James M. Barrie

The Great Gatsby Chapter One By F. Scott Fitzgerald vulnerable, reserved, privy, feigned, levity, revelation, plagiaristic, scorn, marred, suppressions, fundamental, decencies, parceled, conduct, corky, founded, riotous, imperceptibly, glimpses, exempt, unaffected, abortive, prominent, bungalow, conferred, conviction, epigram, shrill, contour, perpetual, courtesy, phenomenon, superficial, bizarre, divan, colossal, eyesore, proximity, acute, anticlimax, reproach, gayety, wistfully, feebly, turbulence, irrecoverable, supercilious, effeminate, leverage, coherence, sophisticated, fractiousness, defiant, vista, pungent, ajar, buoyed, cynical, conscientious, murmur, surname, irrelevant, skepticism, gay, ecstatically, desolate, mourning, wail, claret, decisively, deft, retorted, incredulously, accentuated, reciprocal, wan, contemptuously, imperatively, languidly, diminished, settee, radiantly, hulking, unobtrusively, bantering, bellows, pessimist, ferociously, fervent, infinitesimal, pathetic, verandas, content, extemporizing, devoid, subdued, audible, verge, ceased, nightingale, decisively, hardy, intriguing, vigil, tangible, turbulent, sedative, ether, compel, crimson, glinted, asserted, rotogravure, anon, peremptorily, corroborated, libel, banns, egotism, wayside, roller, silhouette, intimation The Great Gatsby Chapter One By F. Scott Fitzgerald

antedate, antecedent, antebellum, anterior, antemeridiem, antepenult Stem Definition Examples: ante (before) antedate, antecedent, antebellum, anterior, antemeridiem, antepenult anti (against) anti-aircraft, antibody, anticlimax, anticline, antitoxin, antithesis

anthropo (human being) Stem Definition Examples: anthropo (human being) misanthrope, anthropology, anthropocentric, philanthropic, auto (self) autocrat, automatic, autograph, autobiography, automaton

bilateral, bicycle, binary, biped, bimonthly, bipolar, binocular Stem Definition Examples: bi (two) bilateral, bicycle, binary, biped, bimonthly, bipolar, binocular circum (around) circumnavigate, circumspect, circumvent, circumlocution

combination, comfort, complete, commensurate, common, combo Stem Definition Examples: com (together) combination, comfort, complete, commensurate, common, combo con (together) contract, confidence, confine, confederate, conjunction, contact

autocrat, aristocratic, democrat, theocracy, bureaucrat Stem Definition Examples: crat (rule, govern) autocrat, aristocratic, democrat, theocracy, bureaucrat cred (believe, trust) incredulous, credibility, credence, incredible, credit, credential

deposit, descent, despicable, deduct, denounce, demolish Stem Definition Examples: de (down, away, from) deposit, descent, despicable, deduct, denounce, demolish dis (away) distract, distort, dispute, dissonant, disperse, dismiss, dissuade

equitable, equilateral, equivocate, equinox, equation, equilibrium Stem Definition Examples: equi (equal) equitable, equilateral, equivocate, equinox, equation, equilibrium extra (beyond) extraterrestrial, extraordinary, extravagant, extrovert, extramural

grad (step, degree, rank) gradual, graduate, gradation, grade, gradum Stem Definition Examples: grad (step, degree, rank) gradual, graduate, gradation, grade, gradum grat (pleasing, thankful) grateful, gratitude, ingratiate, congratulate, gratify

international, interdepartmental, interstellar, interject, interlude Stem Definition Examples: inter (between) international, interdepartmental, interstellar, interject, interlude intra (within) intracellular, intravenous, intracranial, intrastate, intrauterine

introduce, introspective, introvert, introject, introrse, intromission Stem Definition Examples: intro (into) introduce, introspective, introvert, introject, introrse, intromission in (not, go into) inaccurate, incongruous, indolence, insidious, inhabit, invoke

logy (study or theory of) Stem Definition Examples: logy (study or theory of) biology, ecology, geology, cosmology, sociology, etymology lat (side or wide) lateral, bilateral, latitude, latitudinal

logue (speech, word, idea, reason) Stem Definition Examples: logue (speech, word, idea, reason) prologue, dialogue, monologue, epilogue, logical , logotype mis (bad) misfit, mistake, misfortune, misfire, misery, miser, misdeed

maladjusted, malfunction, malice, malady, malnutrition, malevolent Stem Definition Examples: mal (bad) maladjusted, malfunction, malice, malady, malnutrition, malevolent non (not) nonstop, nonprofit, none, nonchalant, nonconformity

postgraduate, posthumous, postscript, posterity, posterior, Stem Definition Examples: post (after) postgraduate, posthumous, postscript, posterity, posterior, pre (before) prelude, preposition, premonition, premature, predict, predecessor

promote, protagonist, produce, proficient, progress, Stem Definition Examples: pro (forward) promote, protagonist, produce, proficient, progress, per (through) percolate, pervasive, permeate, perfunctory, perspective, perceive

semitone, semiaquatic, semicircle, semiweekly, semiannual, Stem Definition Examples: semi (half) semitone, semiaquatic, semicircle, semiweekly, semiannual, sub (under, beneath) subterranean, subtract, subterfuge subservient, subordinate,

supervise, superb, superior, superfluous, supercilious, Stem Definition Examples: super (over) supervise, superb, superior, superfluous, supercilious, syn (together) synthetic, synchronize, syndrome, synonym, synopsis, syntax

spect (see, look, behold) Stem Definition Examples: spect (see, look, behold) spectator, introspective, spectacle, inspect, spectacular sol (sun, alone) solstice, solarium, solar, solo, solitary, soliloquy

sympathy, symbiosis, symbol, symmetry, symphony, symposium Stem Definition Examples: sym (together) sympathy, symbiosis, symbol, symmetry, symphony, symposium tri (three) tricycle, triangle, triceps, triad, trichotomy, triceratops, trivia

Stem Definition Examples: un (not) unfit, unequal, undone, unequivocal, unearned, unconventional, untenable

verify, verdant, vernacular, veracity, verbatim, veritable, Stem Definition Examples: ver (truth) verify, verdant, vernacular, veracity, verbatim, veritable,