Bob Newman Co authors Tony Adams, Dr Tapas Biswas, Tony Meissner, Ken Smith Acknowledgements: Murray- Darling Basin Authority Dr Gerrit Schrale and Glenn.

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Presentation transcript:

Bob Newman Co authors Tony Adams, Dr Tapas Biswas, Tony Meissner, Ken Smith Acknowledgements: Murray- Darling Basin Authority Dr Gerrit Schrale and Glenn Passfield 1 Presentation to IAL2012, 7 th Australian Regional Conference Adelaide 27 th June 2012

Root Zone Drainage & Recharge? My main points RZD is necessary BUT MDB Salt in the landscape & river Leaching is must to avoid salt build up Excess RZD generates recharge Farm / District monitoring – win / win Irrigation efficiency has improved in last 40 years MDBA Basin Salinity Management Strategy Salinity registers need accuracy and confidence Uses groundwater models Ag science can predict RZD Irrigation advice & performance monitoring Irrigation mapping & reporting– IRES proof of concept Irrigation Sector needs to demonstrate performance High tech permanent plantings have the data - NRM / Industry Obligations? Need district data systems and commitment Build on good work of NPSI / MDBA / PIRSA / SA MDB NRM Bd et al 2 Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

3 Rootzone Drainage deep drainage & Recharge Concepts Rootzone leaching is essential -varies with crop tolerance & - source water Recharge RZD ??? Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

Murray Darling Basin Murray Groundwater Basin Murray Mallee Region Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services 4

Groundwater Salinity in the Murray Groundwater Basin

Slide no 6 Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

The lower Murray River 200,000ha High value irrigation Permanent plantings 5-10 ML/ha Salinity Target at Morgan <800EC (500mg/L) 95% of the time (25 years)

Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council Basin Salinity Management Strategy – Audit 2001 – Strategy Accountability for Actions Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

Slide no 9 BSMS Salinity Registers A salinity “pollution account” operating for 25 years today > 80 accountable actions Irrigation related actions Credits $13M/Year Debits $20M/year Groundwater models are used for salinity register entries

Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services Slide no 10 Mallee Groundwater Models Conceptual Model example

Inputs to Gw Models? Root Zone Drainage Or Recharge? Top Down? Root Zone Drainage & Recharge? or Bottom Up? Gw Level Recharge ? Hydrogeologist Groundwater Modeller WUE% RZD Agronomist bureaucrat Who knows? Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

District scale Irrigation inputs & Modelled annual recharge Groundwater Model & Agronomic Science Reconciliation? Courtesy SA DfW Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

2010 Groundwater Levels Loxton - Bookpurnong - Loxton Sands 2010 Groundwater Levels Loxton - Bookpurnong - Loxton Sands Source DfW Loxton Bookpurnong Groundwater Model Report

Murray Mallee Groundwater Models 14 Source MDBA Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

- Salt Load Risk Gw Model predictions for irrigation induced salt Salt Load t/day per River km Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

Salt Load t/d per 1000ha of irrigation - Salt Load Risk Gw Model predictions for irrigation induced salt Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

Slide no ∑ Irrigation ML/ha ∑ Deep Drainage (RZD) ML/ha SA Dfw How Efficient Are We? (Adams / Meissner 2009) Deep Drainage 1983 – 2007 Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

Slide no 18 Sources of the Science

Ag Science based estimates of RZD Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services 19 Ag literature Ag data Ag Science RZD estimates Compare Recharge & RZD Gw Model recharge assumptions Crop relationships District attributes Crop Surveys WUE Studies Farm Scale FAO56 +++

Deep drainage from capacitance probe Probe & Sensors 90 cm 120 cm There are 7500 probes installed in Australia Courtesy: SENTEK Pty Ltd

Calculating Rootzone Drainage By Daily Water Balance Tony Adams © Rural Solutions SA RZD estimation from water balance FP RAW TAW Dr end =Dr start +I+P+CR–Le–RO-ETc adj -DD Dr RZD Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

Improving the daily water balance algorithm (beyond FAO56) eorological data Improved Crop Coefficients (ETc) ETc is adjusted by a crop stress coefficient (Ks) during periods of soil water stress Feedback from onsite measurements Adjustment to align with soil moisture data Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services 22 © Rural Solutions SA

23 FAO56 Crop Coefficients before adjustment to align with soil moisture data Tony Adams © Rural Solutions SA Irrigation & Rainfall (mm) (mm) Rootzone Soil Moisture (mm) Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

24 Case Study - Crop Coefficient Kc adjusted for soil moisture monitoring data Tony Adams © Rural Solutions SA Irrigation & Rainfall (mm) (mm) Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

Slide no 25 The Agronomic science approach - Irrigation Reporting Benchmarking Tools IRES Irrigation Recording & Evaluation System Farm to District MDBC I 2003 / L&WA - NPSI The bottom up approach – from ‘patch’ to ‘property’ to ‘district’ Source I 2003 MDBC & partners Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

Slide no 26 Source project I 2003 MDBC & partners Field application efficiency & Deep Drainage (RZD) Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

Slide no 27 Data rich districts Average districts Data poor districts I2003 Spatial/ temporal District Bench- marking annual reports Poorly defined ‘districts’? - Poor data Increasing capability - effort / confidence? RZD - Irrigation Reporting – balancing effort / risk Regionally variable ‘risk’? Identify high risk districts – assign effort accordingly Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

Root Zone Drainage & Recharge conclusions the Scene: MDB Salt in the landscape & river Horticulture / viticulture - high value use of a key asset – water High tech management Irrigation mobilises salt to the river Leaching to avoid soil salinity (Michael Cutting) RZD is necessary BUT Excess RZD generates recharge Recharge mobilises salt Risk is spatially variable Farm / District monitoring – win / win Irrigation efficiency has improved 40 years IRES helped for the drought MDBA BSMS Salinity registers need accuracy and confidence Groundwater Models are used Estimating RZD at district scale? Ag science has the tools Roughly with FAO56 Accurately if soil moisture accounted Irrigation mapping / monitoring – IRES proof of concept (Tony Adams) Reconcile Gw Models / Ag science Gw models can estimate recharge but non- unique solutions Ag Science joining the debate NRM / Industry Obligations? Irrigation Sector needs to demonstrate performance High tech permanent plantings have the data Benchmarking with IRES has the tools Need district data systems and commitment Build on good work of NPSI / MDBA / PIRSA / Vic Ag/ SA MDB NRM Bd et al 28 Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services

Thank You Bob Newman & Co authors Tony Adams, Dr Tapas Biswas, Tony Meissner, Ken Smith Acknowledge Murray- Darling Basin Authority Dr Gerrit Schrale and Glenn Passfield 29 Catchment Management Consulting / PIRSA Rural Solutions / Laroona Environmetrics / Aquaterra / Ken Smith Technical Services