“Thailand : Move on Biofuels ” Better for people Better for the world ASEAN-India Workshop on Cooperation in Renewable Energy 05 – 06 November, 2012 Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi 1

Thailand Energy Situation Total imported energy Crude oil imported accounted for ~10% of Thailand 2011 GDP Thailand GDP 10 Trillion baht 977 billion baht 1.25 Trillion baht Thailand imported about 46 - 48 billion liter of crude oil annually Imported value (Baht) 2009 623 billion baht 2010 754 billion baht 2011 977 billion baht Source : Department of Energy Business

AEDP Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) (2012 -2021) Target - 25% of RE in total energy consumption by 2021 Solar & Wind Hydro power Bioenergy New energy Biofuel Total electricity target 9,201 MW Total heat target 9,335 MW Biofuel targets Ethanol Biodiesel Advanced biofuel 9 ML/day 5.97 ML/day 25 ML/day

Thailand Ethanol Policies Target 9 ML/day Ethanol usage ~ 1.43 ML/day * Ethanol * : Data from department of energy business (August 2012) Feedstock 1. Molasses (Sugar derivative) Sugarcane plantation area = ~ 1.26 million hectares = ~ 12,750 sq.km = ~ 5.18% arable land in Thailand In 2011, 1.5 MT out of 4 MT of molasses were used to make 390 M.Liter of ethanol. The rest was used to make beverage and food seasoning as well as export. 2. Cassava Cassava plantation area = ~ 1.18 million hectares = ~ 11,978 sq.km = ~ 4.87% arable land in Thailand In 2011, 0.6 MT out of 23MT of cassava were used to make 108 M.Liter of ethanol. About 65% of cassava were exported and about 30% were for local consumption

Ethanol Uses and Export Ethanol usage Source : department of energy business *Jan-Aug 2012 Ethanol export Thailand export ethanol to Philippines Singapore South Korea Japan *Jan-Sep 2012

Thailand Cassava Production and Export World cassava production Thailand cassava export Thailand is 4Th biggest cassava producer Source: FAO (2011) Out of global cassava produced, only 9.1 % is traded internationally Thailand is NUMBER 1 cassava exporter Ethanol usage started to pick up in 2008 Apart from 2008 with drought and flood problems, Thailand continue to export relatively stable cassava products. Price increases following the global market Source: Office of Agricultural economics

NO Pressure from biofuel production to plant more feedstock Ethanol Feedstock Land Usage 54% Molasses produced Ethanol 9 ML/day 3,285 ML/yr 2 MT Molasses 492 ML 16.43 MT Cassava 2,793 ML 57% Cassava produced With expected increase in yield, without increase in planation area, Thailand will be able to meet feedstock demand and have some to spare. NO Pressure from biofuel production to plant more feedstock Expected molasses output in 2021 is 4.2MT and expected cassava output in 2021 is 35 MT Source - Ministry of Agricultural and cooperation

Thailand Biodiesel Policies Target 5.97 ML/day biodiesel usage ~ 1.95 ML/day * Diesel * : Data from department of energy business (August 2012) Oil palm In Thailand, only certain are suitable for oil palm, such as area in the southern and eastern part of Thailand. Oil palm plantation area = ~ 0.65 million hectares = ~ 6,560 sq.km = ~ 2.72% arable land in Thailand In 2011 49% 22% Oil palm plantation in Thailand Source : Department of Internal Trade of Thailand, Ministry of Commerce

Biodiesel Feedstock – Palm Oil Prediction CPO = 0.91MT/year (3.71 ML/day B100) 5% biodiesel (B5) (2.65 ML/day B100) (0.65 MT/year of CPO) By 2017, oil palm plantation will increase to 0.8 million hectares (3.35% of total arable land in Thailand) Source: Office of Agricultural economics Thailand will have more CPO leftover for advance biofuel production

Biofuel Possible Feedstock NOT A PROBLEM FOR THAILAND 1st generation and Edible Cassava, sugar cane and Molasses Palm oil 1st generation and Inedible Sweet Sorghum Jatropha 2nd generation Cellulosic Biomass 3rd generation Algae Food vs. Fuel ? NOT A PROBLEM FOR THAILAND Research level Research level Research level

Biofuel Research and Development R & D Biofuel to replace petroleum diesel To develop 2nd and 3rd generation of Biodiesel Jatropha Algae To use ethanol instead Fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) ED95 (Ethanol Diesel) Diesohol Advance process Bio-Hydrogenated diesel (BHD) Biomass to liquid (BTL) Biofuel to replace petroleum gasoline To develop 2nd generation of ethanol Cellulosic ethanol Sweet Sorghum

Thailand - “Food comes first” Domestic consumption and people well-being is Thailand’s First priority Biofuel Reduce imported oil Improve people’s lives Better environment

Biofuel Better for people Better for the world Thank you