Conclusion Future Studies Bibliography "Biofuel Development Shifting From Soil to Sea, Specifically to Marine Algae." ScienceDaily 4 Jan Christi, Yusuf. "Biodiesel from Microalgae." Elsevier 25 (2007): ScienceDirect. 13 Feb Cox, Peter, Richard Betts, Chris Jones, Steven Spall, and Ian Totterdell. "Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model." Nature 408 (2000): Nov Fan, S., M. Gloor, J. Mahlman, S. Pacala, J. Sarmiento, T. Takahashi, and T. Tans. "A Large Terrestrial Carbon Sink in North America Implied by Atmospheric and Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Data and Models." ScienceMag 5355th ser. 282 (1998): Oct Princeton University. "First Economical Process for Making Biodiesel Fuel from Algae." ScienceDaily 31 Mar Hossain, Sharif, Aishah Salleh, Amru N. Boyce, Partha Chowdhury, and Mohd Naqiuddin. "Biodiesel Fuel Production from Algae as Renewable Energy." American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 4 (2008): University of Malaya. Hu, Qiang, Milton Sommerfeld, Eric Jarvis, Maria Ghirardi, Matthew Posewitz, Michael Seibert, and Al Darzins. "Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances." The Plant Journal 54 (2008): Feb Arizona State University. Journeytoforever.org. "Make Your Own Biodiesel." Journey to Forever. Journeytoforever.org, Web. 21 Jan Kulkarni, Mangesh, Rajesh Gopinath, Lekha Meher, and Ajay Dalai. "Solid acid catalyzed biodiesel production by simultaneous esterification and transesterification." Green Chemistry 8 (2006): Sept Lotero, Edgar, Yijun Liu, Dora Lopez, Kaewta Suwannakarn, David Bruce, and James Goodwin Jr. "Synthesis of Biodiesel via Acid Catalysis." American Chemical Society (2004). 6 Nov Department of Chemical Engineering, Clemenson University. Markovic, Jelena P., and Slobodan K. Milonjic. "Synthesis of zirconia colloidal dispersions by forced hydrolysis." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71 (2006): July "Promising Biofuel Made From Commercial Yeasts Upgraded With a New Enzyme." ScienceDaily 9 Mar Peterson, Charles L., Daryl Reece, Brian Hammond, Joseph C. Thompson, and Sidney Beck. "Making and testing a biodiesel fuel made from ethanol and waste french-fry oil." HySEE PReliminary Processing and Screening. Idaho Department of Water Resources - Energy Division, July Web. 21 Jan Royon, D., M. Daz, G. Ellenrieder, and S. Locatelli. "Enzymatic production of biodiesel from cotton seed oil using t-butanol as a solvent." Elsiver 98 (2007): Apr National University of Salta, Buenos Aires. Schenk, Peer, Skye Thomas-Hall, Evan Stephens, Ute Marx, Jan Mussgnug, Clemens Posten, Olaf Kruse, and Ben Hankamer. "Second Generation Biofuels: High-Efficiency Microalgae for Bioodiesel Production." Bioenergy Research (2008): Springer. 4 Mar The Science Company. "Biodiesel Titrations." Science Company - Specialists Since The Science Company. Web. 21 Jan "Two-step Chemical Process Turns Raw Biomass Into Biofuel." ScienceDaily 20 Feb University of Idaho. "Production and Testing of Ethyl and Methyl Esters." Biodiesel.org. University of Idaho, Dec Web. 21 Jan "Using Algae to Convert Sunlight Into Biofuel." ScienceDaily 9 Oct Vasedevan, Palligarnai, and Michael Briggs. "Biodiesel production -- current and state of the art and challenges." Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (2008): Jan University of New Hampshire. Discussion Picture 8: Purity of the biodiesel was measured via titration (Photo by Author) A one-way ANOVA followed by a Scheffe post-hoc test revealed no significant difference between any groups in the volume of raw biodiesel produced (p<.1) The enzyme and acid group were significantly different from the basic group in regard to the concentration of impurities found Even though the enzyme catalyst produced greater amount of purer biodiesel, the acid catalyst was more efficient because it produced more pure biodiesel at a lower cost The acid catalyst was the most cost efficient choice for biodiesel production The acid catalyst can be reused several times and is almost as inexpensive per gram as sodium hydroxide The study is similar to results of other researchers, acid and enzyme catalysts were both more efficient than the base Picture 9: Algae being grown in the laboratory setup at room temp. and regular fluorescent lights (Photo by Author) Running the trial using other types of acid or enzyme catalysts Determining the energy content of the biodiesel Using different alcohol and different types of algae Using Le Chatlier’s principles to favor the forward reaction to biodiesel more Some challenges faced in this experiment were finding a way to accurately collect data, extracting algae oil, and measuring pH accurately because biodiesel is not very conductive Limitations