What is a hydrocarbon? Why are alkanes considered to be saturated? Name two gases that cause acid rain Name the first 3 alkanes, give their formulae and draw their structure. Why is crude oil called a mixture? C1.4 Crude oil and Fuels What process is used to separate crude oil? What is the general formula for an alkane? Give 2 examples of biofuels. Give the formula for the following molecule For alkanes, describe how the following properties of a molecule change with increasing size: ■ boiling point ■ viscosity ■ flammability What type of bonding occurs in alkanes? Describe how fractional distillation can be used to separate crude oil. What are particulates? What are the advantages of using biofuels instead of fossil fuels? What dangerous gas is produced when a fuel burns in a limited supply of oxygen? Why is it dangerous? What is the name used to describe the reaction between an element and oxygen to form an oxide? What is a biofuel? Why are carbon dioxide and water produced when an alkane burns? Write word and symbol equations for the combustion of propane. Give a disadvantage of using biofuels instead of fossil fuels? Give an environmental consequence of: Carbon dioxide Particulates

What is a hydrocarbon? Compound made of hydrogen and carbon atoms only. Why are alkanes considered to be saturated? They have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible per molecule Name two gases that cause acid rain Sulphur dioxide Nitrogen oxides Name the first 3 alkanes, give their formulae and draw their structure. Methane CH4 Ethane C2H8 Propane C3H10 Why is crude oil called a mixture? It contains many different hydrocarbons that are not chemically bonded to each other. C1.4 Crude oil and Fuels What process is used to separate crude oil? Fractional distillation What is the general formula for an alkane? CnH2n + 2 Give 2 examples of biofuels. Biodiesel Ethanol Give the formula for the following molecule C6H14 For alkanes, describe how the following properties of a molecule change with increasing size: ■ boiling point Bigger molecules have higher bps ■ viscosity Bigger molecules are more viscous ■ flammability Bigger molecules are harder to light What type of bonding occurs in alkanes? Covalent Describe how fractional distillation can be used to separate crude oil. Crude oil is evaporated The gases are condensed at different temperatures Larger molecules collect first at base of column (higher temperatures) What are particulates? Small solid particles of soot and unburnt hydrocarbons What are the advantages of using biofuels instead of fossil fuels? Renewable Uses plant waste Less pollution What dangerous gas is produced when a fuel burns in a limited supply of oxygen? Why is it dangerous? Carbon monoxide Prevents transport of oxygen in the blood What is the name used to describe the reaction between an element and oxygen to form an oxide? Oxidation What is a biofuel? Fuel made from plant matter Why are carbon dioxide and water produced when an alkane burns? The hydrogen and carbon in the fuel react with oxygen in the air. Write word and symbol equations for the combustion of propane. Propane + Oxygen Carbon + Water Dioxide C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O Give a disadvantage of using biofuels instead of fossil fuels? Uses crops that could be food / require lots of land Give an environmental consequence of: Carbon dioxide Global warming Particulates Global dimming