The Actiflo® Process Introduction to - a compact solution for treatment of drinking water, process water and wastewater

Actiflo® Chemical precipitation Micro-sand enhanced flocculation Actiflo® is a combination of: Chemical precipitation Micro-sand enhanced flocculation Lamella sedimentation

Actiflo® - the Principle Micro-sand Primary particles Coagulant Polymer Floc Water

Actiflo® - Floc 150 m

Actiflo® - Consumables Coagulant Aluminium based Iron based Flocculant Organic polymer Anionic, non-ionic or cationic Micro-sand Ordinary silica sand Effective size ~120 m Electricity

The Actiflo® Process Treated water Lamella sedimentation Maturation Polymer Injection Coagulation Coagulant Water Micro-sand Sludge Hydrocyclone M

Actiflo® - Design Criteria Drinking water Wastewater Retention time: Coagulation 2 min. 1 min. Injection Maturation 6 min. Overflow rate: 40 - 60 m/h 80 - 120 m/h

Actiflo® Special Components

Actiflo® - Sand Scraper Scrapes the micro-sand and sludge to the centre of the lamella settler

Actiflo® - Recirculation Line Transports the micro-sand and sludge from the lamella settler to the hydrocyclone Sand pump Centrifugal pump with rubber lining Controlled flow proportional to inlet (approx. 4-6%) Piping Made of PE (poly-ethylene)

Actiflo® - Hydrocyclone Separates the micro-sand and the sludge by means of the centrifugal force Sludge Micro-sand and sludge

Actiflo® - Lamellas Short distance of sedimentation Laminar upflow Made of plastic

Actiflo® - Dosing of Reagents Coagulant Dosed directly by pumps Polymer Matured in a preparation unit Micro-sand Dosed directly

Actiflo® Characteristics

Actiflo® - Characteristics High treatment efficiency Efficient use of chemicals Compact system Short start-up time Stable process Versatility

High Treatment Efficiency Wastewater Recipient water Drinking water CSO Primary Tertiary Suspended solids 80-98% 75-90% 50-80% 70-90% - COD 65-90% 55-80% 20-50% 55-70% Total phosphorus 50-95% 50-90% Orthophosphate 50-98% Turbidity < 99.9%

Efficient Use of Chemicals Price (EUR) Coagulant 10 g Fe/m3 1.30 cent/m3 Flocculant 1.0 g/m3 0.40 cent/m3 Sand 4 g/m3 0.03 cent/m3 Electricity 30 Wh/m3 0.20 cent/m3 Total 1.93 cent/m3

Compact System Conventional (2 m/h) Lamella type (20 m/h) Actiflo®

Short Start-up Time Inlet Outlet

Stable Process Inlet Outlet

Krüger’s Package Plants Actifloc™ Actiflo® (One line) Model m3/h AFP1 40 APW1 APWW1 80 AFP2 APW2 APWW2 160 AFP3 APW3 APWW3 320 AFP4 APW4 APWW 640 APW: Drinking water and process water type, APWW: wastewater type

Applications Drinking water Wastewater Industry Surface water Ground water Wash water from filters Wastewater Primary Tertiary By-pass Industry Process water

Actiflo® - Installations Drinking water More than 170 installations Smallest plant: 25 m3/h (Pakua Shipu, Canada) Biggest plant: 40,000 m3/h (Selangor, Malaysia) Wastewater More than 70 installations Smallest plant: 60 m3/h (Toyobo, Japan) Biggest plant: 110,000 m3/h (Acheres, France) Industry More than 50 installations

Actiflo® Investigations

Actiflo® - Investigations JAR-tests Performed in laboratory Indication of efficiency

Actiflo® - Investigations Pilot studies Performed on-site Process optimisation Necessary dosing Efficiency More than 40 studies performed by Krüger Capacity : 30-120 m3/h

Actiflo® - Pilot Studies Drinking water Wastewater

Selected Pilot Studies Actiflo® Selected Pilot Studies

Jaslo, Poland Drinking water

Jaslo, Poland Drinking water Dosages Coagulant: 1.0 mg Al/l Polymer: 0.30 mg/l

ZWA – Brauchwasserwerk Kriebethal, Germany Process water

ZWA – Brauchwasserwerk Kriebethal, Germany Process water Dosages Coagulant: 1.0 mg Al/l Polymer: 0.30 mg/l

Karlskoga, Sweden CSO

Karlskoga, Sweden CSO Dosages Coagulant: 20.0-35.0 mg Fe/l Polymer: 1.00-1.25 mg/l

Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Wasserwerk Friedrichshagen, Germany Filter backwash water

Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Wasserwerk Friedrichshagen, Germany Filter backwash water Dosages Coagulant: 6.0-10.0 mg Fe/l Polymer: 0.25-0.30 mg/l

Kalmar, Sweden Wastewater, tertiary

Kalmar, Sweden Wastewater, tertiary Dosages Coagulant: 2.0 – 4.0 mg Al/l Polymer: 0.70 mg/l

Selected Full-scale Installations Actiflo® Selected Full-scale Installations

GELITA Sweden AB Process water Capacity: 320 m3/h Contract signed in June 2004 Package plant in one line Start-up in January 2005

GELITA Sweden AB Process water, 320 m3/h Dosages Coagulant: 5.0 mg Al/l Polymer: 0.20 mg/l

Eslöv, Sweden Wastewater Capacity: 250 m3/h Contract signed in April 2004 Package plant in two lines Start-up in January 2005

Eslöv, Sweden Wastewater, 250 m3/h Dosages Coagulant: 40-80 mg Fe/l Polymer: 2.0 mg/l

Bäckhammars Bruk, Kristinehamn, Sweden Process water, 2.000 m3/h

Bäckhammars Bruk, Kristinehamn, Sweden Process water, 2.000 m3/h Raw water 7,5 m Process Water 31 m

Bäckhammars Bruk, Kristinehamn, Sweden Process water, 2.000 m3/h Dosages Coagulant: 6-7 mg Al/l Polymer: 0.3 mg/l

Borås, Sweden Wastewater, tertiary 5,400 m3/h 2,700 m3/h Actiflo® 6.3 m Existing lamella separators 27 m Effluent 53 m

Borås, Sweden Wastewater, tertiary, 2,700 m3/h

Borås, Sweden Wastewater, tertiary, 2,700 m3/h Dosages Coagulant: 6-10 mg Al/l Polymer: 0.7-1.0 mg/l

Borås, Sweden Wastewater, tertiary, 2,700 m3/h

Actiflo® Conclusion Versatile process Some of the advantages are : Compact system  small foot print  low installation costs High treatment efficiency  superior effluent quality Flexible process  easy to optimise Short start-up time  almost no “dead time” Stable process  handles extreme conditions Simple  easy to operate Well documented efficiency More than 300 installations since 1991 (~ 970.000 m3/h)