Seite 1 Monitoring Sanitation in an Urban Setting – Experiences from Kenya WaterAid roundtable meeting to discuss practical ways of improving the monitoring of sanitation in urban settings Wednesday 7 th September 2011 Philipp Peters, GIZ Water Sector Reform Programme Kenya

Seite 2 Page 2 GIZ approach in supporting Kenya’s water sector Engagement with (national) sector institutions and regulated/registered utilities for reason of ‒ Strengthening professional structures ‒ Sustainability of interventions Alignment to national sector policy and strategies ‒ National Water Services Strategy (incl. sanitation) 2007 ‒ Pro-poor Implementation Plan 2008 ‒ Water Sector Sanitation Concept 2009 No parallel structures for projects!

Seite 3 Page 3 Supported institutions & their role in monitoring Ministry of Water & Irrigation: using data provided by Sector Institutions Water Services Regulatory Board (regulator): detailed annual sector monitoring; Water Regulation Information System (WARIS) Water Services Trust Fund (pro-poor basket): (1) monitoring project implementation and use of infrastructure; WSTF Information System (2) collecting data on all urban low income areas in K; urban baseline survey MajiData Utilities & Asset holding entities: (1) providing annual data via WARIS (2) reporting on project implement. & operation via WSTF IS

Seite 4 Page 4 A comprehensive urban monitoring framework Utility Information Systems Baseline Surveys Household Surveys (e.g. DHS, MICS) & Censuses Urban served Urban un(der)served

Seite 5 Page 5 Water Regulation Information System (WARIS) Performance monitoring tool 65 indicators (financial, commercial, technical etc.) for utilities & 25 for asset holding entities 93/104 utilities & 8/8 asset holding entities reported in 2009/10 Annual reporting; outputs on progress, comparative performance, sector performance summary etc. Sanitation Data Urban sanitation coverage: off- & on-site; individual & shared NB: on-site sanitation coverage based on estimated figures  monitoring of on-site sanitation needs to be improved Work in progress: Monitoring of sanitation and safe sludge disposal in urban low income areas (with baseline established)

Seite 6 Page 6 MajiData: Baseline Survey & Interactive Database Specifically identifies un(der)served urban areas (planned & unplanned) Tailor-made to provide key data on urban low income areas Method & techniques: FGDs, plot interviews & counts, GPS readings, geo-ref. pictures What sanitation info at what level? Dwelling: No. & type of facilities people use (coverage); whether facilities (1) shared or not (2) separate for ♂ & ♀; Also: no. & usage of bathroom facilities & rubbish pits Area: whether connected to sewer or not, solid waste & drainage, phys. characteristics, main sanitation problem, (sludge disposal) Don’t know: Quality of facilities, substructure and content and use of pits Total costs€ 1 million Persons in database7 million Cost/beneficiary€ 0.14 Total no. of towns149 Total no. of areas1,881

Seite 7 Page 7 WSTF: Developments relevant for monitoring 1.WSTF is developing range of household & plot level (shared) on-site sanitation solutions (incl. sludge management scheme) in line with sector and HR standards 2.These will be implemented by utilities by means of subsidies 3.Monitoring of implementation, use & sustainability of sanitation facilities subsidized by WSTF + sludge management via WSTF Information System ALSO: envisaged to create project layer in MajiData (GPS readings + pictures of facilities) Limitation: WSTF monitoring only covers facilities subsidized by WSTF  can feed MajiData and support utilities in WARIS reporting but no standalone sector monitoring mechanism

Seite 8 Page 8 Challenges & Opportunities in Monitoring Sanitation in the urban setting in Kenya Challenges Utility reporting on on-site sanitation not reliable (limited mandate) Reporting on implementation, use and sustainability of sanitation projects by NGOs + community + municipality  where no involvement of sector institutions (WSTF) & utilities, how to get information to them (utilities, Regulator)? Monitoring of safe sludge disposal & management an issue of incentives as well as compliance & enforcement  utilities & Regulator are central players Opportunities New Constitution (2010) assigns responsibility for water & sanitation services to 47 Counties  management + reporting delegated to utilities  updating of MajiData

Seite 9 Page 9 Thank you for your attention!